1.What is encysticercosis
Echinococcosis, or echinococcosis, is a chronic parasitic disease caused by human infection with the larvae of Echinococcus (echinococcosis). The clinical manifestations of the disease vary depending on the site, size and presence of complications of the cysts. For a long time, encysted worm disease was considered a human-animal (animal) parasitic disease, called animal-derived disease, but in recent years epidemiological investigations have shown that it is called endemic parasitic disease;
In endemic areas with occupational damage characteristics, is classified as an occupational disease of certain populations; globally speaking, encysticercosis for ethnic minorities or religious tribes specific to a common disease and a multi-morbidity.
2.Distribution of encapsulated worm disease.
The disease is globally distributed, mainly in livestock areas, in China to Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet, western Sichuan, Shaanxi is common. Hebei and northeastern provinces also have disseminated cases.
3.How is the infection and transmission of worm disease
(1) Source of infection The main source of infection of this disease is dogs. Although wolves, foxes and jackals are also end hosts, they are of little significance as sources of infection. In endemic areas, sheep often have worms in their flocks, and residents often feed dogs with sheep or other livestock offal, so that dogs have the opportunity to swallow the worm sacs, the infection is often more serious, the number of intestinal parasites can reach hundreds to thousands, and their gestational segments have the ability to move, can crawl on the fur, and cause anal itching. When the dog crushes the segments when licking and biting, the eggs in the feces often contaminate the whole body fur, and if they are in close contact, they are very susceptible to infection.
(2) Transmission routes Direct infection is mainly due to close contact with the dog, whose fur is contaminated with eggs on the fingers and then infected through the mouth. Indirect infection can also occur if the eggs in dog feces contaminate vegetables or water sources, especially if humans and animals drink from the same water source. In arid and windy areas, the eggs may also be infected through the respiratory tract when they are carried in the wind.
(3) Susceptibility Human infection is mainly related to environmental sanitation and poor hygiene habits. Patients are mostly farmers and herdsmen, and the number of brothers is much higher than that of Han Chinese. Because of the slow growth of the worm cysts, they are usually infected in childhood, and only in young adulthood do they show obvious symptoms. There is no significant difference in the incidence rate between men and women.
4.What are the types of encapsulated worm disease
The worm disease can be in the human body for several years to several decades. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the site of parasitism, the size of the cysts and the presence of complications. Depending on the parasite species, the clinical manifestations can be cystic encystasis (single-compartment encystasis), vesicular encystasis (multi-compartment encystasis), and mixed encystasis.
5.What are the occurrence and characteristics of encysticercosis?
(1) liver worm disease liver worm cysts extremely enlarged when the right upper abdominal mass, the patient has a full school to wake up the compulsion (19) basis D suppression of the geometrical bridle wielding the mo b Ding leaf bridle wielding 诒 uller Gui swing quietasa pier raving 1/4. cysts located in the center of the right lobe when the liver is diffusely enlarged, upward development of compression of the thoracic cavity can cause reactive pleural effusion, pulmonary atelectasis, etc.; downward forward development of the abdominal cavity bulging out.
In most patients, the liver is found to be extremely enlarged on physical examination, with a local sense of round surface smooth cysts. In a few cases, tremors can be heard after percussion of the cysts. Liver function was mostly normal with an inverted albumin to globulin ratio. Hepatic B-mode ultrasound, liver isotope scan, and liver CT examination all show occupying liver lesions. Usually caused by fine-grained echinococcosis is called single-atrial coccidiosis; while those caused by multiple genera of echinococcosis are called multi-atrial coccidiosis (alveococcosis).
The proliferation mode of the worms is infiltrative and resembles a malignant tumor. Hepatic alveococci can also metastasize via lymphatic or hematologic routes. Secondary to pulmonary and cerebral alveolar coccidiosis. This is why it is called malignant encrustation disease. The liver is hardened and has an uneven surface.
(2) Pulmonary encysted lung disease The lung tissue is more relaxed, so the growth of the encysted cysts is faster, and there are often symptoms such as dry cough and hemoptysis. 2/3 of patients have lesions in the right lung, and the lower lobe is the most common. In uncomplicated cases, single or multiple round, oval or polycyclic masses with clear and smooth margins (with blurred margins in the presence of secondary infection) are seen on chest X-ray.
The cysts are deformed with breathing, rarely calcified, and vary in size, with the largest occupying one lung field. When the cyst penetrates the cystic fluid is completely discharged and appears hollow on the X-ray; severe fluid pneumothorax can occur when the cyst breaks into the chest cavity. In about half of the patients, the cyst breaks into the bronchus and coughs up the cyst fluid and heals spontaneously. Occasionally, suffocation can be caused by the overflow of cystic fluid.
(3) Cerebral cysticercosis has a low incidence (1-2%), mostly seen in children, with the parietal lobe being the most common, and the clinical manifestations are seizures and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. The clinical manifestations are seizures and increased intracranial pressure. Most of the sacs are single, mostly located in the subcortex. Cerebral angiography, brain CT, brain MRI are helpful for diagnosis.
(4) Skeletal encysticercosis is relatively rare, accounting for about 1% to 2% of the total body encysticercosis reported abroad, while domestic reports are much lower, accounting for only about 0.2%. The highest incidence is in the pelvis and spine, followed by the long bones of the limbs, skull, scapula, ribs, etc. When Echinococcus granulosus invades long bones, the infection usually starts at the end of the bone, and the lax spongy bone is invaded first. X-rays can be useful for diagnosis.
In addition, pericardial, renal, splenic, muscular and pancreatic encystment are rare, and their symptoms resemble benign tumors.
6.What is the harm of worm disease to people
After people are infected with encapsulated worm disease, they are often sensitized by the absorption of a small amount of antigen.