Pathological adenoid hypertrophy is caused by repeated episodes of inflammation of the adenoids or inflammation of neighboring areas such as the nasal cavity, sinuses, tonsils and the nasopharynx, which stimulate the adenoids and cause hypertrophy, and can cause clinical symptoms such as open-mouth breathing. Physiologically, adenoid hyperplasia is not caused by the above reasons, but only the normal development of the immune system caused by the enlargement, and does not cause clinical symptoms. Adenoids, also called pharyngeal tonsils, are physiologically active between the ages of 2 and 6 years, gradually shrinking after the age of 10 years and disappearing in adulthood, and physiologically do not cause any special symptoms and require no intervention. If adenoid hyperplasia in childhood causes a series of clinical symptoms, it is called adenoid hypertrophy. So adenoid hypertrophy itself may become a pathologic state. Pathologic adenoid hypertrophy often causes secretory otitis media, and complicates rhinitis and sinusitis; because of the obstructive effect on the airway, it leads to an occlusive nasal sound when speaking, snoring during sleep, and even obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome in severe cases. Long-term open-mouth breathing caused by pathological adenoid hypertrophy may affect facial development, resulting in the so-called “adenoid face”. There may also be systemic symptoms such as malnutrition, slow reaction time and poor concentration. Treatment for adenoid hypertrophy includes general treatment and surgery. General treatment includes prevention of colds and active treatment of primary diseases such as inflammation of the nose and tonsils. If necessary, adenoidectomy can be performed orally or naso-endoscopically.