Excessive renal excretion of potassium is commonly associated with long-term use of diuretics or excessive dosage. Long-term use of thiazide diuretics may lead to water and electrolyte disturbances, producing hyponatremia, hypochlorhydria and hypokalemia. So, what other causes of excessive potassium excretion may be caused? Here are a few causes: 1. Potassium loss via the gastrointestinal tract: This is the most important cause of potassium loss in children, and is commonly seen in patients with severe diarrhea and vomiting accompanied by a large loss of digestive juices. In severe vomiting, the loss of gastric juice is not the main cause of potassium loss, but a large amount of potassium is lost via the kidneys with urine, because the metabolic alkalosis caused by vomiting can increase renal potassium excretion, and the decrease in blood volume caused by vomiting can also promote renal potassium excretion through secondary aldosterone increase. 2. Transrenal potassium loss: This is the most important cause of potassium loss in adults. The common factors that cause increased renal potassium excretion are: (1) long-term continuous use or excessive dosage of diuretics; (2) certain renal diseases; (3) excessive adrenocorticotropic hormones; (4) increased anions that are not easily reabsorbed in the distal tubules; (5) magnesium deficiency; and (6) alkalosis. 3. Transdermal potassium loss: sweat contains only 9 mmol/L. Under normal circumstances, sweating does not cause hypokalemia. However, heavy physical work in a hot environment can lead to loss of potassium due to sweating. For patients who excrete too much potassium, especially fasting patients, they should rely on infusion of sugar and liquid, and if they have urine, they should replenish potassium in a timely manner, and the “four inappropriatenesses” are: not too concentrated, generally 0.3% potassium chloride solution; not too fast, 2g in 1000ml is appropriate; not too much, ≤6g per day, 0.1g/(kg.d) to 0.2g/(kg.d) for children. 0.2g/(kg.d); not too early, see urine to supplement potassium, not too early when renal insufficiency is not corrected.