1.Cerebrovascular diseases are currently the main diseases admitted to neurology departments in northern China, and can account for more than half of the patients admitted to wards.
2.Cerebrovascular diseases are divided into the following two categories: ischemic cerebrovascular diseases (mainly including cerebral infarction and transient ischemic attack) and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases (mainly including cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage)
3, etiology and risk factors: for cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage the most important risk factors are hypertension and atherosclerosis, followed by diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, mental tension, emotional excitement, etc. Why are cerebrovascular diseases common in the northern region? It is mainly related to the lifestyle and geographical climate in the north. In northern areas, there is usually more fat intake, more salt consumption and a strong drinking culture, which are the basis for atherosclerosis and hypertension; in addition, the high altitude, cold climate and large temperature differences between seasons and day and night in Inner Mongolia easily lead to elevated and fluctuating blood pressure. Some studies have shown that climate change is directly related to the onset of cerebrovascular disease, and neurology usually has many patients in the winter when there is a sudden change in climate. In contrast, the etiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage is usually aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations, which are problems in congenital development.
4. Early manifestations.
(1) Symptoms occur suddenly (cerebral infarction is usually found to be poorly moving limbs in the morning after sleeping, while cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage usually start dynamically).
(2) Performance of one or both sides of the body, upper and lower limbs appear weak, numb, clumsy, heavy or paralyzed.
(3) One side of the face is numb or the corners of the mouth are distorted.
(4) Gaze with both eyes to one side.
(5) Sudden blurring of vision in one or both eyes, or loss of vision, or seeing things in pairs.
(6) Slurred pronunciation, difficulty in expressing speech or understanding, choking and coughing when drinking water.
(7) Dizziness, loss of balance, or any accidental fall, or unsteady gait.
(8) Sudden onset of severe headache and vomiting, which were rarely seen before.
(9) The above symptoms are accompanied by impaired consciousness or convulsions.
(10) Abnormal blood pressure. Sudden increase in blood pressure over 150/100mmHg or more.
5.Checking methods.
(1) Let the patient smile a little. If the patient smiles with an asymmetrical face and cannot smile on one side, it suggests that the patient has had a stroke, which is a sign of facial palsy.
(2) Ask the patient to hold his hands flat for 10 seconds. If one limb falls within 10 seconds, it suggests limb paralysis.
(3) Ask the patient to say a long sentence. If there is difficulty in speaking or in finding the words, it indicates a speech disorder.
When a person with stroke risk factors (e.g. hypertension, heart disease, diabetes, etc.) shows the above signs, a stroke is highly suspected and should be taken to hospital immediately.
6. How to prevent it?
(1) Adopt a good lifestyle.
①Adhere to appropriate physical exercise.
(2) Diet: limit salt intake to about 6 grams per day, eat less sweets and animal fat, eat more potassium-containing foods, fish, soybean products, vegetables, fruits and so on.
③No smoking and limit alcohol, and drink less caffeinated beverages.
④ Be calm, cultivate optimism and learn to control your emotions to maintain mental health.
⑤Ensure sufficient sleep (7 to 8 hours) every day.
⑥Regular medical checkups, and treat problems whenever they are found.
(2) Control hypertension.
Blood pressure should be kept stable within a certain range (130-140/70-90).
Antihypertensive drugs are generally to be taken for life, so what antihypertensive drugs to take must find a doctor to help you choose, do not eat at random or hearsay yourself.
After taking the medication, blood pressure is normal, is the drug down, can not stop the drug, need to continue to use.
The control of blood pressure includes 2 major aspects, on the one hand, to bring down the blood pressure to the normal range, and on the other hand, to keep the blood pressure stable. Blood pressure fluctuations up and down more serious damage to blood vessels than simple hypertension, so we use antihypertensive drugs try to choose the type of less times a day to eat, less choose to take 3 times a day drugs.
(3) Pay attention to the treatment of diabetes, heart disease and atherosclerosis, which are the basis for the development of stroke.
(4) When experiencing transient ischemic attack, go to the hospital immediately for examination (example).
(5) For patients with risk factors, take anti-platelet aggregation drugs and statins.
7.Treatment
(1) Ischemic cerebrovascular disease: go to the hospital within 6 hours of onset if it meets the indications, thrombolytic therapy can be done.
(2) Hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease: go to hospital as soon as possible for minimally invasive hematoma removal or surgical treatment.
(3) Subarachnoid hemorrhage: interventional treatment.
Therefore, if you find the symptoms mentioned above, go to the hospital as soon as possible.