Atypical hyperplasia is an old term that is still used by a few doctors. Dysplasia and intraepithelial neoplasm are new terms with essentially the same meaning, referring to an excessive state between normal and malignant. Normal cells undergo a series of processes before transforming into cancer cells, which takes several years to decades (normal epithelial cells → mild heterogeneous hyperplasia (low-grade intraepithelial neoplasm) → high heterogeneous hyperplasia (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm) → invasive cancer). Therefore, this intermediate state can be prevented by timely detection and proper management. No study has conclusively demonstrated that true heterogeneous hyperplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia) can be reversed to normal. I say “true” because there are some “false” ones. The “reactive hyperplasia” of epithelial cells stimulated by inflammation, ischemia, and other factors is sometimes so similar in appearance to heterogeneous hyperplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia) that the pathologist cannot distinguish between them; in other words, some of the heterogeneous hyperplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia) reported by pathology is actually reactive hyperplasia. However, reactive hyperplasia can be normalized with treatment. Most of the so-called proprietary Chinese medicines that can “reverse” heterogeneous hyperplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia) are in this category. Since heterogeneous hyperplasia (intraepithelial neoplasia) is irreversible and reactive hyperplasia is confused with it, the clinical principles of treatment are: severe heterogeneous hyperplasia (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) found by endoscopy must be removed immediately endoscopically or reviewed within a short period of time; mild heterogeneous hyperplasia (low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) is generally reviewed within six months to a year.