Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refers to the reflux of stomach and duodenal contents into the esophagus causing symptoms such as acid reflux, heartburn and damage to the esophageal mucosa, as well as damage to tissues outside the esophagus such as the oropharynx, larynx and airway, and is a common and frequent clinical condition. The disease is more common in western countries, with a prevalence of 10%-20%. The prevalence of GERD in China is 5.77%, and the prevalence in Beijing, Shanghai, Xi’an and other major cities can be as high as 16.98%, which is lower than that in Europe and the United States. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is caused by a variety of factors, the presence of acid or other harmful substances such as monoacid, pancreatic enzymes and other esophageal reflux under normal circumstances, the esophagus has the function of defense against the invasion of gastric acid and duodenal contents, including anti-reflux barrier, esophageal contouring function and resistance of esophageal mucosal tissue. The development of GERD is the result of a decrease in anti-reflux defense mechanism and the effect of reflux on esophageal mucosa attack.