Causes of dwarfism 1. Genetic influence: Dwarfism caused by hereditary genes is called “familial dwarfism”. These short children show normal growth rate, and their growth curve is parallel to that of normal children, but always at the low limit, and they are often at the front of the height queue in kindergarten or elementary school class. They are not physically ill, their intelligence is normal, and their laboratory tests are normal. These children’s puberty comes on time and they are short in adulthood. 2. Delayed puberty growth: Short stature in childhood is due to the late onset of puberty growth and sexual maturity, and normal height in adulthood. These children have normal height at birth. After 6 months to 2 years of age after birth, the growth rate is slower than that of children of the same age, and after 3 years of age, the growth rate is normal, the growth curve is parallel to that of normal children, and the epiphysis closes 2 to 3 years later, thus having normal growth potential. But before puberty they look short compared with children of the same age, and puberty height surge, the age of boys after 16 years old, girls after 14 years old, and finally adult height is normal. 3, small size at birth: full-term born children weighing less than 2.5 kg is called full-term small-like children. There are also premature small-like children. These small children in the mother’s womb developmental delays. There are various reasons: such as the mother’s nutritional deficiencies, severe pregnancy reaction vomiting, eating very little; there are placental and umbilical cord factors and maternal disease during pregnancy. 4. Mental depression: Emotional deprivation dwarfism such as children caused by discrimination and abuse, once the environment is changed they will grow normally again. 5. Growth hormone deficiency: This is caused by insufficient secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland. The cause is unknown in the vast majority of cases, and about 2/3 of these children have a history of breech delivery. These children are particularly short and begin to grow very slowly at the age of 1 to 2 years after birth, growing only 1 to 3 cm per year, with an average adult height of 137 cm. The dwarfism is proportional, i.e., the limbs, head and trunk are proportionally short, and the bone age is significantly behind the actual age. Their other internal organs are normal and their intelligence is normal. 6. Hypothyroidism: This is caused by insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones. The majority of congenital ones are caused by congenital underdevelopment or underdevelopment of the thyroid gland. Most of these children are normal at birth. The neonatal period can be characterized by much sleep, little crying, little movement, long jaundice, cold extremities, low body temperature, constipation, abdominal distension, feeding difficulties, etc. Later, they show slow growth and mental retardation. 7, congenital ovarian dysplasia: this disease only occurs in girls, is caused by sex chromosome abnormalities. The normal female blood chromosome is 46xx, this patient lacks an x chromosome, i.e. 45×0. There are many manifestations of this disease, but almost all patients are short in stature and slow in growth. 8. Systemic diseases that cause short stature: chronic malnutrition, chronic diarrhea, congenital heart disease, respiratory disease, anemia, kidney disease, infection, etc. can cause growth disorders in children. Prevention of childhood dwarfism Children’s height is the result of the interaction between genetics and environment. As parents, they should create a good environment for children to give full play to their growth potential in order to make them grow as tall as possible. 1. If they are not well fed or sick after birth, they may grow 5 to 6 cm less, or even less, and later they will be shorter than other children. Therefore, it is important to have adequate nutrition throughout the infant and toddler period, add supplementary food in time and prevent diseases. For the birth of a small sample of children more to strengthen nutrition and care, so that they accelerate growth. 2, we should pay attention to reasonable nutrition, do not be partial to eat, less snacks, 1 to 2 hours before meals it is best not to eat candy or drink drinks, which is conducive to good appetite. Exercise often, because the secretion of growth hormone increases after exercise, which is beneficial to growth. The secretion of growth hormone in normal people is pulsatile and mainly occurs at night during sleep, and sufficient sleep is also important for growth.