In recent years, with the rising incidence of kidney disease, the prevalence of renal insufficiency is also rising, but more than 80% of patients with renal insufficiency do not know much about their condition, which leads to the further development of renal insufficiency patients. However, many patients walked into the misconception that renal insufficiency is kidney failure, creatinine elevation is uremia, our nephrologists pointed out that renal insufficiency is a reversible lesion in the development of chronic kidney disease, this time timely treatment can still be cured, once the renal failure, treatment to control the disease, kidney damage occurs irreversible changes, there is no possibility of cure. Today we will see what kind of difference exists between renal insufficiency and renal failure, to make a simple comparative analysis. Renal insufficiency refers to a group of clinical syndromes in which the excretory function of the kidneys is severely impaired for different reasons, so that metabolites and toxic substances cannot be excreted from the body and are retained in the body to produce disorders of the internal environment such as water, electrolytes and acid-base balance, accompanied by endocrine dysfunction of the kidneys. It is divided into acute renal insufficiency and chronic renal insufficiency. Acute renal insufficiency has a serious prognosis and is one of the major life-threatening renal conditions. Chronic renal insufficiency and renal failure (renal failure) are essentially the same, only the degree of difference, we are generally comparing their degree of severity. Renal insufficiency includes the whole process of renal dysfunction from mild to severe, and the treatment of any part of the process in the pathogenesis is reversible, while renal failure is the advanced stage of renal insufficiency, and renal function has been lost. In the diagnosis of clinicians, both are often common and the treatment process is the same. Renal insufficiency can be divided into the following four stages: stage I, renal function reserve compensation stage; stage II, renal insufficiency stage; stage III, renal failure stage; and stage IV, uremia stage or end stage of renal insufficiency. It includes renal failure in it, indicating that renal failure is a period of renal insufficiency development. In the renal insufficiency stage, glomerular damage gradually increases, which is the root of renal failure in many patients. The process of renal failure is also progressive, and there are also four periods: renal function compensatory phase; azotemia phase; renal failure phase (pre-uremic phase); and uremic phase. Renal failure and renal insufficiency are actually just indicators of the progression of the disease with a focus, and essentially there is nothing comparable. The diagnosis of chronic renal failure is mainly based on medical history, clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. Isotope renogram can indicate the degree of bilateral renal impairment, which can roughly understand the situation of renal function and determine whether the patient is in renal insufficiency or renal failure. Patients with renal insufficiency do not discover their condition in time or without timely treatment, which may cause renal failure or uremia, therefore, patients with renal insufficiency should understand their condition, do not wait until renal failure to start treatment, which misses early treatment, not only the treatment time to be long, wasting money and medical resources, but also cause a lot of psychological pressure. Through the comparison of renal insufficiency and kidney failure, we patients in the emergence of renal insufficiency must be timely diagnosis and formal treatment.