Uremia is a common disease that seriously endangers people’s health and is now routinely treated with blood purification and kidney transplantation, and the expensive cost of treatment has become a heavy financial burden for ordinary families. Normal adults have about 2 million kidney units, which ensure the excretion of waste, reabsorption of useful substances, water and electrolyte balance in the body. Glomerulonephritis, diabetes and other diseases can cause the damage and disposal of kidney units. In the early stage of various chronic kidney diseases, the kidneys can maintain normal physiological functions, but when the normal kidney units are reduced to a certain level, the kidneys cannot maintain normal functions, and this state is called chronic renal failure, i.e. uremia. Human kidney units cannot be regenerated, therefore, we should do everything possible to stop the loss of residual kidney units at present. Indications The indications for dialysis are: blood creatinine >720umol/L (8mg/dl), blood potassium >6.5mmol/L, severe acidosis, serious complications of important organs, etc. In fact, in the absence of complications affecting vital signs, almost all patients can try conservative therapy. After adequate conservative treatment many patients get significant improvement in renal function, and water-electrolyte and acid-base balance can be completely restored to normal, and most of the patients with successful conservative treatment can maintain 3 to 7 years without hemodialysis, and many patients can maintain more than 10 years. The patient’s diet should be strictly controlled, with low protein, low phosphorus, low fat, low salt, high essential amino acids, high unsaturated fatty acids and sufficient calories, and phosphorus binding agents at meals; try to control the reversible factors of chronic renal failure, deal with the primary disease, control hypertension, correct the disturbance of water and electricity balance, improve lipid metabolism, etc.; improve the patient’s quality of life, correct anemia, prevent renal bone disease, reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications; Chinese medicine dialectical treatment, such as activating blood stasis, nourishing Yin and tonifying Qi, clearing heat and detoxifying toxins. In the 1990s, some foreign experts put forward the concept of early dialysis, believing that early dialysis can reduce complications and improve the survival rate of uremia, and domestic hospitals have followed suit. However, the results from abroad in recent years show that early dialysis increases the physical pain of patients, aggravates the economic burden, reduces urine output in advance, does not reduce the incidence of various complications, and does not significantly improve the long-term survival rate. Therefore, when the glomerular filtration rate is higher than 15 ml/min/1.73m2, conservative treatment can be used if there are no serious complications.