Mastoiditis is an acute purulent inflammatory disease of the mucosa and bone of the mastoid airspace, which mostly develops from acute purulent otitis media. Symptoms are pressure pain, redness and swelling of the mastoid process, etc. Antibiotics and other treatments may be given. Mastoiditis is an inflammatory disease of the mastoid due to low resistance, high capacity of pathogenic bacteria, and poor drainage of middle ear inflammation spreading to the mastoid. Symptoms include redness and swelling of the mastoid, pressure and pain, hearing loss, ear pus, fever, nausea and vomiting. Severe cases can be complicated with postauricular subperiosteal abscess, purulent meningitis, epidural abscess, cerebral abscess, facial nerve palsy and other diseases. The treatment of mastoiditis is mainly based on antibiotic therapy, and large doses of appropriate antibiotics should be applied early with reference to the results of bacteriological examination and administered intravenously; attention should be paid to improving local drainage, such as tympanotomy, removing the blockage at the perforation, and simple mastoidectomy should be performed immediately when the infection fails to get under control or when there is a suspected complication.