Blood pressure monitoring: healthy adults should have their blood pressure monitored every 2 years, and at least once a year for those ≥40 years old.
Normal blood pressure: systolic blood pressure <120 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <80 mmHg.
Normal high values: 120 to 139, 80 to 89.
Hypertension: ≥140, diastolic blood pressure ≥90. Sun Wei, Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital
Antihypertensive measures.
(1) Lifestyle changes: dietary changes, salt reduction <6g/day, appropriate exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation.
(2) Antihypertensive drugs.
-Diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide
Calcium antagonists: nifedipine extended-release/controlled-release tablets, amlodipine, felodipine
-Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ACEI: captopril, enalapril, benazepril, fosinopril, etc.
-Angiotensin II receptor antagonists ARB: valsartan, coxsartan, irbesartan, telmisartan, etc.
-β-blockers: metoprolol, bisoprolol
-alpha receptor blockers: Terazosin
-Compounding agents: old compound (antihypertensive 0, compound antihypertensive tablets); new compounding agents
Lipid testing: including triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Measured every 2-5 years in normal population. at least once a year over 40 years of age.
Lipid-lowering measures: (1) therapeutic lifestyle changes for all dyslipidemic individuals; (2) statins, etc.
Blood glucose testing: Healthy individuals should have their blood glucose tested starting at age 45 and at least once every 3 years when normal. If there is hypertension or coronary heart disease, glucose tolerance is routinely performed, once every 3 years when normal.
-Normal blood sugar: Fasting blood sugar <6.1mmol/L, glucose tolerance test <7.8mmol/L at 2 hours
-Impaired glucose regulation:
(1) Impaired fasting glucose: 6.1 to <7.0, <7.8
(2)Impaired glucose tolerance: <7.0, 7.8～<11.1
-Diabetes: ≥7.0, ≥11.1
Diabetes control goals
-Improved glucose tolerance should be followed by lifestyle changes and oral hypoglycemic drugs if they do not work.
-Diabetics should have stricter control of blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipids.
-Glucose target: should be controlled close to normal blood glucose level, fasting <6.1 mmol/L, random <8 mmol/L, glycated hemoglobin <6.5%.
Anti-platelet aggregation therapy.
-Aspirin (bye aspirin, or enteric aspirin): 75-150 mg, Qd
-Clopidogrel (Bolivar) 75mg Qd
-Ticlopidine (Ecliptic), Cilostazol (Pepeda), Aspirin + extended release Pansentine (Enox)
Tips to avoid missing medication: take your medication at the same time every day; contact the things you often do on a daily basis, such as waking up, brushing your teeth, breakfast, etc.; keep the medication bottle in an easily visible place; use calendar reminders; use electronic pill boxes.
Health self-management advice (very important!!!) Only by caring for yourself can you get more targeted treatment advice from your doctor)
-Create a health record and keep all medical records, such as MRI films
-Keeping a health diary.
Record medication use: name, method of administration, effects, side effects
Blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, etc.
-Visit the hospital regularly for review and follow-up to obtain guidance on disease prevention