Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is one of the most common causes of urinary disturbances in middle-aged and older men. Currently, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is considered the “gold standard” for the treatment of BPH, but there are still serious surgical complications such as bleeding and transurethral resection syndrome. 2 micron laser is the latest minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of BPH, which has the advantages of delicate operation, less bleeding, faster postoperative recovery and fewer complications. It is the latest tool for BPH treatment. 2 micron laser is the latest medical laser, which is a high-performance, laser fiber-coupled diode-transmitted solid-state laser with a wavelength of about 2 microns of invisible infrared light, releasing radiation in a continuous wave mode with many excellent properties. 2 micron laser wavelength is about 2.013 μm, which is close to the peak absorption of laser light by tissue moisture at 1.94 μm. The continuous wave mode of the 2-micron laser is different from the pulsed wave mode of the holmium laser, which makes the 2-micron laser’s “vaporization + cutting” of the tissue different from the “blast tearing” of the holmium laser. This allows the 2 micron laser to “vaporize + cut” the tissue in a way that is significantly different from the “explosive tearing” of the holmium laser, which continuously vaporizes the white tissue that is continuously produced without creating pressure waves or damage to surrounding tissues and organs. The 2-micron laser has a limited penetration depth of 0.2 mm in the tissue to avoid damage to surrounding tissues, making the procedure safer. 2-micron laser can form a 1 mm coagulation layer during the vaporization or cutting process, which can effectively stop bleeding without forming large scabs and affecting the visual field and subsequent operations. The 2 micron laser will not cause severe tissue edema, necrosis, or flesh formation, and will not affect the visual field and subsequent operations. The effectiveness, safety, and superiority of the 2-micron laser in the treatment of BPH have been demonstrated since its introduction. The average operative time was 52 min, and the average postoperative indwelling time was 1.7 d. There were no cases of transfusion or rehospitalization, and no bladder neck contracture or urethral stricture occurred. At 12-month postoperative follow-up, the mean maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) increased from 4.2 ml/s before surgery to 20.1 ml/s, and the mean International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Quality of Life Score (QOL) decreased from 19.8 and 4 to 6.9 and 1, respectively. Yang Yong et al. applied 2 micron laser to treat large volume (>80 g) BPH. the prostate volume was 80-128 ml and the mean operative time was (104±12) min. there were no transfusion cases. Postoperative catheters were left in place for 3-5 d. There was no urinary incontinence. The mean Qmax increased from preoperative (3.3±0.5) ml/s to (16.5±1.5) ml/s, and the IPSS score and QOL score decreased from 28.6 to 5.5 and 4.5 to 0.4 to 8.3±2.3 and 2.7±0.2, respectively, at 3-12 months postoperative follow-up. According to the recommendation of the International Coordinating Committee of the 3rd International BPH Executive Committee, BPH New treatments should have appropriate controls, and those similar to TURP should be compared to TURP. Compared with the “gold standard” TURP, 2-micron laser vaporization resection has the following advantages: (1) clear intraoperative visualization, reliable coagulation and hemostasis, less intraoperative bleeding, shorter indwelling catheter time, and faster postoperative recovery; (2) intraoperative flushing with saline, avoiding the occurrence of TUR syndrome and guaranteeing the safety of the operation, while there is no definite limitation on the duration of the operation; (3) the use of saline flushing, avoiding the occurrence of TUR syndrome, and avoiding the occurrence of TUR syndrome. (3) The operation technique is easy to master, and the learning period is short; (4) The operation is nearly bloodless cutting, and no electric current is generated, so patients with coagulation mechanism disorders, patients receiving anticoagulation therapy or patients with pacemakers can also tolerate the operation, which does not constitute a contraindication to the operation; (5) The operation is safe, with few complications, and is suitable for elderly and high-risk patients. The 2-micron laser is the newest minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of BPH, but there is a lack of large sample, multicenter and long-term follow-up data, and its long-term efficacy has yet to be confirmed by further studies. With the maturation and improvement of 2-micron laser technology, the efficacy of BPH treatment is close to that of TURP with far fewer complications than TURP, especially in high-risk and high-aged patients, which has obvious advantages and therefore has a wide clinical application prospect and may become the new “gold standard” for BPH treatment.