Abdominal wall hernia is a common and frequent disease in surgery, and the common ones are inguinal hernia and incisional hernia. In recent years, the use of patches for tension-free hernia repair has significantly reduced postoperative pain, accelerated the patient’s return to daily life and work, and reduced recurrence rates. The use of lumpectomy for tension-free repair is another milestone in the development of hernia and abdominal wall surgery. Most incisional and inguinal hernias can now be done lumpectopically internationally. The abdominal wall is a multilayered structure that includes skin, subcutaneous fat, muscle tendon, extraperitoneal fat and peritoneum, and the hernia defect is mainly located in the fascial layer on the inside. If open surgery is performed from the outside to repair the weakness of the abdominal wall (anterior approach), then lumpectomy is a bypass approach to repair from the inside (posterior approach). Theoretically, the inside repair is more reasonable and firm, the patch feels less foreign body, is less prone to infection, avoids or reduces damage to the nerves, vessels and spermatic cord in the inguinal region, and allows detection of combined occult hernias. It is especially suitable for bilateral hernias and recurrent hernias, with less postoperative trauma, faster recovery and better cosmetic effect, the current development direction of hernia and abdominal wall surgery.