Kidney cancer is an adenocarcinoma derived from renal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney cancer is divided into 4 types: clear cell kidney cancer, granular cell kidney cancer, mixed cell kidney cancer, and undifferentiated cell kidney cancer. Among them, most of them are renal clear cell carcinoma, accounting for 70%~80% of renal cancer. There is no obvious cause for the development of renal cancer, but studies have shown that it is related to family history of renal cancer, smoking, alcohol abuse and high blood pressure. Renal clear cell carcinoma is often asymptomatic in early stage, or only has systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise, and is only discovered when the tumor increases in size. The main clinical manifestations are hematuria, pain in the kidney area and masses. Ultrasonography is the easiest and non-invasive examination method and can be used as part of routine physical examination. Most of the masses over 1 cm in the kidney are detected by ultrasound scan, and it is important to identify whether the mass is kidney cancer or not. Puncture can be performed when it is difficult to identify kidney cancer and cysts, and it is safer to perform puncture under ultrasound guidance. Finding tumor cells in the aspirate can both confirm the diagnosis of kidney cancer. Clear cell carcinoma is the least malignant among kidney cancers and is usually treated by radical kidney surgery. Kidney cancer has a high rate of metastasis through blood transport, with approximately 60% of patients having the possibility of metastasis. Immunotherapy with chemotherapy can prolong patients’ lives.