Renal cysts usually do not affect the life expectancy of patients, multiple cysts in both kidneys may be polycystic kidney, polycystic kidney can progress to renal failure and affect the life expectancy of patients. Renal cysts are a common structural abnormality of the kidney, mostly found in men, with a diameter of about 2 cm, divided into unilateral renal cysts and bilateral renal cysts, and also into single and multiple renal cysts. Most renal cysts are in a resting state and do not require special treatment. If the cysts are too large or show symptoms of compression, they can be cured by cystic fluid aspiration and cyst wall sclerosis, and the prognosis is very good. In case of hereditary polycystic kidney, even if aggressive treatment is taken, some patients will eventually progress to uremia, which will shorten the life span of patients. Some of the kidney cysts will gradually increase in size and may cause a decline in kidney function, and patients are advised to visit the nephrology department for regular review.