The kidney is one of the organs in which cystic disease occurs most frequently. Cysts can occur in any part of the renal unit. Simple cysts in the kidney are most often found unintentionally during ultrasound, CT or urography. In case of large cysts compressing the renal parenchyma, abdominal pain, abdominal mass, hematuria (cyst rupture), hypertension and other clinical manifestations may occur. The main danger of cysts is to compress the kidney and damage the kidney function. Therefore, clinical treatment is generally not needed for cysts smaller than 3cm, and regular review or diet and nutrition can be done. Kidney cysts treatment, slightly larger cysts need timely treatment. Methods are mainly the following 1, kidney cyst puncture and fluid extraction; small damage but the recurrence rate is high; 2, open surgical excision, more trauma, more loss than gain; 3, laparoscopic renal cyst decompression, divided into laparoscopic access and retroperitoneal access, less trauma, fast recovery, complete decompression, not easy to recur, is currently the most applied method.