Why should we pay attention to urinary routine? Some seemingly healthy babies may already have hematuria, proteinuria and leukocyturia, etc. Failure to detect them early can delay diagnosis and treatment and lead to irreversible kidney damage. Routine urine screening is a simple and accurate screening test for diagnosing urological disorders, which can provide clues to urological disorders and help in early diagnosis. Regular urine screening in children allows early detection of latent kidney and other urological diseases, early diagnosis and early treatment, thus reducing the occurrence of end-stage renal failure. Under normal circumstances, it is recommended that each child have a routine urine test at least once or twice a year. Second, which children should have urine routine? 1.Babies with suspected nephritis and nephrotic syndrome: morning eyelid and facial edema or bilateral lower limb edema. Those who have significantly reduced urine volume, or have obvious foam in urine, change in urine color, such as red hematuria, or have recent respiratory and skin infections (such as tonsillitis, scarlet fever, etc.). 2.Babies with abnormal urination: those who have significantly reduced urine volume or have obvious foam in urine, or change in urine color, such as red bloody urine, cloudy urine; those who have urinary tract symptoms such as frequent urination, urgent urination, painful urination, difficulty in urination, crying and restlessness when urinating, smelly urine, stubborn diaper rash, redness of the urethra, etc. 3.Babies with the following symptoms: unexplained fever, abdominal pain, wasting, backward development, bedwetting, etc. 4.Children who already have a diagnosis of hydronephrosis, ureteral dilatation and other urinary tract abnormalities. 5.Children who have been taking drugs (including Chinese medicine) for a long time. 6.Children with a family history of kidney disease such as nephritis and nephropathy. 3.How to keep the urine specimen? Clean the vulva or urethra with clean water (boys need to turn the foreskin over and wash it), collect the middle urine and keep it in a clean test tube. It is recommended to collect morning urine. The day before urine collection, drink less water after dinner, urinate before bedtime, and collect urine specimens in the morning on an empty stomach. 4. Precautions for urine specimen collection: 1. The collection container is clean, dry, disposable and has a large opening for easy collection. 2. Avoid contamination by urethral dirt, menstrual blood, feces, etc., and should not be collected from diapers, hand towels, or urine basins. 3. No interfering chemicals (e.g., surfactants, disinfectants) should be mixed in to avoid interference caused by drugs. Small babies especially need to pay attention to mixed in stool. 4, timely delivery and examination (within 2h) to avoid bacterial multiplication, protein denaturation, cell lysis, etc. Urine specimens should avoid sunlight to avoid decomposition or oxidation of substances such as urobilinogen due to light.