Uneven qi and blood perfusion, from the perspective of modern medicine, refers to an imbalance in the ratio of qi and blood in the lungs, and is commonly seen in a number of lung diseases, such as pneumonia, emphysema, and pulmonary embolism, which can lead to compromised lung function and require further identification of the primary pathology. When there is an associated primary pathology in the respiratory tract such as pneumonia, emphysema, and diffuse inflammatory reaction in both lungs, the ventilation function of the lungs is affected, and the ventilation of the lungs is reduced, but the local blood flow is normal, and the ventilation-to-blood flow ratio becomes dysfunctional. For another condition, pulmonary embolism occurs when pulmonary ventilation is generally unaffected and blood flow through the lungs is reduced resulting in an imbalance in the ratio. Often lung diseases have some effect on pulmonary ventilation and/or pulmonary air exchange and require prompt medical attention to identify the primary cause. Uneven air and blood perfusion can affect normal lung function, requiring prompt medical attention, complete relevant examinations, identify the primary disease, and standardize treatment under the guidance of a doctor.