I. Causes and hazards of foot bunion
Due to the strong pulling of the bunion muscle, the bunion is shifted outward, the first metatarsal near the bunion is tilted inward, and the bursa is formed on the inner side of the first metatarsal head and the bursa is produced under the skin locally, thus forming the bunion deformity. This disease is mostly seen in adult women and can be caused by a variety of factors, but is mainly associated with wearing shoes with a narrow toe.
In severe cases of bunion, foot pain can occur in the medial bunion bursa, second metatarsal plantar, and little toe. Long-term deformities can cause osteoarthritis of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint, which can lead to pain and swelling in this area. This will cause difficulty in wearing shoes and walking, and the patient will become obsolete.
Second, the conservative treatment of foot bunion
Where the symptoms of foot bunion patients are not obvious, conservative treatment can be used to allow patients to wear wider shoes, along with flatfoot syndrome patients can be flatfoot insoles. Surgery is only considered when the patient has significant local pain symptoms and difficulty walking. However, surgery should be performed only after the local bursa inflammation has subsided, and the postoperative effect is better in young adults.
Third, the surgical treatment and selection of foot bunion
There are more than 100 types of bunion surgery, and more than 30 types are commonly used. They are broadly divided into two categories: soft tissue surgery and bone surgery.
Before surgery, the angle of the key bones and joints of the foot in the orthopantomogram needs to be measured, and the surgical plan is designed according to the degree of abnormality of each angle.
Foot bunion deformity and deformities that may accompany other parts of the foot often require simultaneous surgical correction, and sometimes require staged surgical correction.
Fourth, the general process of foot bunion surgery
1.Routine examination before surgery, including blood test, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, etc.
2.Measure the angle of key bones and joints of the foot in the orthopantomogram, and design the surgery plan according to the degree of abnormality of each angle.
3.Procedure for hospitalization before the surgery day.
4.Fastened diet in the morning of the operation day, accessed by the operating room nurse.
5.Intravenous input of antibiotics before surgery.
6.Anesthesia with nerve block in the foot and ankle, no catheterization, intraoperative cardiac monitoring is required.
7.Surgery, suturing and dressing according to the design plan, leaving drainage strips.
8.Postoperative intravenous input of antibiotics and hemostatic drugs.
9.Postoperative anesthesia effect can usually be maintained for nearly 10 hours, and pain medication can be added if necessary.
10.The next day after surgery, you can generally crutch down and remove the drainage strip.
11.Postoperative review of X-rays.
12. Generally, you can be discharged from the hospital 1-3 days after surgery.
13.The stitches are usually removed 3-5 weeks after surgery, during which the medication is changed in the outpatient clinic, and the period depends on the situation.
Five, foot bunion surgery after the rehabilitation of the attention
1, the removal of stitches: foot skin healing is slow, it is generally recommended to remove the stitches later. If there is poor healing and a small fissure after the removal of the suture, it can be pulled together with butterfly tape.
2, crutches and weight-bearing problems: such as simple surgery, after surgery can not crutches; such as complex surgery, or osteotomy orthopedic surgery, the need for crutches 3-8 weeks after surgery, the heel can be on the ground. If there is osteotomy orthopedic operation, forefoot weight-bearing must be after the healing of the osteotomy, generally for 3 months.
3, clip pad problem: in order to prevent the recurrence of foot bunion, for the healing of the medial joint capsule flap to provide a relaxed environment, generally in the first and second toe gap after surgery need to clip a pad, so that the bunion to maintain the corrected position. The pad can be homemade from cloth or purchased as a manufactured product. The pad is usually in place for about 3-6 weeks.
Possible complications of bunion surgery include: bunion recurrence, bunion deformity, infection, poor healing of the incision, poor healing of the osteotomy, bunion stiffness, etc.