Often encountered in the clinic patients will take the genitourinary system ultrasound to ask, doctor, this is my testicle inside the stone? When I look at the ultrasound, it turns out that the ultrasound suggests testicular microlithiasis. Testicular microlithiasis is usually asymptomatic, and is often detected by ultrasound for other reasons. But this is something that can have an effect on sperm vigor and density!” 1, what is testicular microlithiasis? A clinical syndrome characterized by multiple calcifications in the testis, a syndrome formed by numerous calcified foci diffusely distributed in the testicular seminiferous tubules and <3mm in diameter. 2.Why does testicular microlithiasis occur? Current research shows that it is related to abnormal testicular development (such as cryptorchidism, testicular hypoplasia, Kirschner's syndrome, etc.), obesity, hyperlipidemia, varicocele, etc. Regardless of the cause, ultimately, it is the collagenous material tissues and calcium salts encapsulating spared spermatogonial tubule epithelial cells that form the deposit leading to the production of testicular microlithiasis. 3.What does testicular microliths affect? Testicular microliths may cause a decrease in the number of spermatozoa produced and even lead to testicular atrophy. Meanwhile, there are reports that testicular microliths and testicular tumors may have a certain relationship, and it is also believed that testicular microlithiasis is a kind of benign testicular lesion suspected to be pre-cancerous but with relatively slow progress. 4.How to treat testicular microlithiasis? For those who are combined with epididymitis and infected syringomyelia, anti-infective treatment can be given; those who are combined with varicocele and have surgical indication can be operated; and those who are combined with cryptorchidism can be operated with descending fixation of testicle. If there are no symptoms, the semen quality is normal or there is no longer a need to have children, ultrasound can be repeated regularly (yearly).