With the advancement of radiotherapy technology and equipment, radiotherapy has become one of the main treatment methods for laryngeal cancer. For certain early stage patients, cure can be achieved by radiation therapy alone without surgery. Laryngectomy greatly reduces patients’ quality of life The larynx is a part of the human respiratory tract and a vocal organ. It is connected to the oropharynx above and to the trachea below. Total laryngectomy has been widely used in the treatment of laryngeal cancer. The advantage of total laryngectomy is that the cancerous tissues are removed relatively thoroughly and the chance of local recurrence is relatively low. The disadvantage is that the patient will lose vocal function for life and cannot have a normal physiological breathing channel. Therefore, the medical community has been paying more and more attention in recent years to try to preserve the function of the larynx while removing the tumor. During surgery, only the tumor is removed and the laryngeal structure is preserved as much as possible so that the vocal function can be preserved. What if the tumor is not removed cleanly? Postoperative radiotherapy can make up for the lack of surgery. Surgery plus radiotherapy has become the main treatment option for laryngeal cancer nowadays. It has been proven in practice that the 5-year survival rate of radiotherapy after hemilaryngectomy or partial laryngectomy is no less than that of total laryngectomy. For some early stage laryngeal cancer patients, doctors prefer to preserve the larynx and treat them with radiotherapy alone. Because laryngeal cancer is mostly squamous cell carcinoma, and squamous carcinoma is generally more sensitive to radiation. Moreover, some studies have shown that the long-term survival rate of patients with early-stage laryngeal cancer, especially those without lymph node metastasis in the neck, is comparable to that of surgery when taking radiotherapy alone. Even if radiotherapy fails and the patient undergoes salvage surgery, the success rate is still 80%. More importantly, radiotherapy alone can better protect the patient’s speech function and ensure the patient’s quality of life to the maximum extent. However, for patients with more advanced laryngeal cancer, it is better to use radiotherapy as an adjuvant treatment if surgical resection can be achieved. Whether laryngeal cancer is sensitive to radiation also depends on many factors. For example, those with shallow ulcers or ulcerated tumors are moderately sensitive, while those with infiltrative tumors without ulcers are less sensitive to radiotherapy. As for the location of the tumor, cancer that is confined to the vocal cords and less likely to have lymph node metastasis has the best chance of being cured by radiotherapy.