A. High-risk factors of diabetic foot
1, peripheral neuropathy;
2, foot deformation; plantar thick callus; exostosis toe; thick toenail, etc. resulting in impaired biomechanical function of the foot;
3, peripheral arterial disease;
4, had foot ulcers or a history of amputation.
Second, preventive measures
1, quit smoking to prevent the deterioration of peripheral artery disease;
2, well-designed sports shoes and padded walking shoes can help reduce the recurrence of foot ulcers;
3.Wear special wide-toed shoes for those with toe deformation;
4.Education on foot care.
III. Classification and treatment of ulcers of diabetic foot
Grade 0.
High-risk foot disease, including deformation, neuropathy and a history of ulcers.
Treatment: patient foot care, regular examination and comfortable shoes.
Grade 1.
Superficial ulcers, but no infection.
Treatment: decompression, use of full contact plaster molded shoes, special shoes, etc.
Grade 2.
Deep ulcers, reaching joints and fascia
Treatment: surgical debridement, wound care, decompression until return to grade 1 status, antibiotics
Grade 3.
Extensive ulceration reaching bone with deep infection such as osteomyelitis or abscess.
Treatment: surgical debridement, hemi-segmental foot amputation, intravascular injection of antibiotics, foot decompression to grade 1 status
Fourth, the comprehensive treatment of diabetic foot
1.Medical treatment
Including control of blood sugar, control of infection, and improvement of lower limb circulation with drugs, etc.
2.Surgical treatment
Including arterial reconstruction, amputation, etc.
3.Rehab treatment
Including improvement of lower limb circulation and treatment of infected ulcerated wounds and gangrene.