The surgical methods for cerebral hemorrhage include open hematoma removal, neuroendoscopic hematoma removal, and hematoma cavity puncture and drainage, as follows: 1. Open hematoma removal: it is a traditional surgery with a long application time, in which the skull bone flap nearest to the hematoma is milled down with a milling knife, the cerebral cortex is fistulated into the hematoma cavity, and the hematoma is removed under the microscope. It is suitable for patients with large bleeding volume or brain herniation; 2. Neuroendoscopic hematoma removal: the cerebral cortex is dilated during surgery, so that the endoscopic sleeve is inserted into the hematoma cavity and the hematoma is removed completely under neuroendoscopy. This procedure is less invasive and has been increasingly used in recent years, but it is not suitable for patients with large bleeding volume or those who have formed brain herniation and need decompression by debridement; 3. Hematoma cavity puncture and drainage: the hematoma cavity is directly punctured with a CT-located puncture needle, and the hematoma is aspirated and drained by injecting urokinase to dissolve the blood clot. This procedure is less invasive, but it cannot completely remove the hematoma, and once bleeding cannot be stopped intraoperatively, it is less commonly used. The cause of the hemorrhage is also a factor in determining the surgical approach. In the case of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, only the hematoma needs to be removed during surgery. If the hemorrhage is an intracranial aneurysm or vascular malformation, clamping or removal of the malformation is required after removal of the hematoma.