I. Concept: It refers to the varicose state involving only the saphenous vein of the lower limb, the superficial vein is elongated and tortuous, which is mostly seen in those who are engaged in persistent standing work, high intensity of physical activity, or sedentary and less active. Etiology: weakness of the vein wall, venous valve defects and elevated pressure in superficial veins are the main causes of superficial varicose veins. The weakness of venous wall and venous valve defects are related to genetic factors. Long-term standing, heavy physical labor, pregnancy, chronic cough, habitual constipation, and other acquired factors cause the valves to undergo excessive pressure and gradually relax and fail to close tightly. Since the more distant veins are centrifuged, the higher the venous pressure is, so varicose veins are much more obvious in the calf than in the thigh. Clinical manifestations: 1. The main manifestation is the dilatation and tortuosity of the superficial veins of the lower limbs, and the feeling of heaviness and weakness of the lower limbs. Mild swelling of the ankle and nutritional changes of the skin in the foot and boot area may occur: skin pigmentation, dermatitis, eczema, subcutaneous liposclerosis and ulcer formation. 2. Complications mainly include: thrombotic superficial phlebitis, local ulcer formation, varicose vein rupture and bleeding, thrombosis, etc. Fourth, how to treat: 1, non-surgical treatment affected limbs wear medical elastic stockings or elastic bandage, with the distal side of the high and near side of the low pressure difference, so that the varicose veins in the atrophy state. In addition, we should avoid standing and sitting for a long time and elevate the affected limb intermittently. Non-surgical treatment can only improve the symptoms and is suitable for: those who have mild symptoms and do not want to operate; those who develop during pregnancy and can temporarily perform non-surgical treatment because the symptoms may disappear after delivery; those who cannot tolerate surgery. 2.Sclerotherapy and compression therapy Use sclerotherapy to inject the inflammatory reaction caused by the emptying of varicose veins to occlude them. It can also be used as an adjunct to surgery to deal with the residual varicose veins. 3.Surgical treatment can be performed if the diagnosis is clear and there are no contraindications: high ligation of saphenous or small saphenous veins and stripping of trunk and varicose veins. V. Differential diagnosis: It should be noted that preoperative differentiation is necessary except for 1. lower extremity deep vein valve insufficiency, 2. lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (by vascular ultrasound or lower extremity venography), for these two diseases simple saphenous or small saphenous vein high ligation and trunk and varicose vein stripping is not effective, need to repair the venous valves at the same time. 3, Treatment of thrombosis is sufficient, and the saphenous vein is treated as appropriate.