Injury to the lower part of the brachial artery is the most common in the clinic, which occurs in children, especially in supracondylar humerus fracture, and mainly causes ischemic contracture of the forearm and hand muscles, which is called Volkmann’s ischemic contracture. Ischemic contracture of forearm and hand muscle group examination 1, X-ray examination Brachial artery injury is usually due to humerus fracture, humerus surgical neck fracture diagnosis is easy. There must also be side view film (through the chest position) to understand the humeral head with or without rotation, insertion, anterior and posterior overlap displacement deformity, in order to clarify whether there is a fracture end forward into the angle. Because humerus fracture is easy to complicate vascular nerve injury, but also need to pay attention to osteofascial compartment syndrome, for those who have obvious swelling of the affected limb after injury, also feasible X-ray examination. 2, blood pressure and blood routine to determine whether there is progressive blood loss. Diagnosis of ischemic contracture of forearm and hand muscle groups Trauma of the brachial artery pathway, accompanied by obvious symptoms of ischemia of the distal upper extremity, is the basis for clinical diagnosis of brachial artery injury. Hematomas of the medial upper arm or elbow socket, even with only mild distal ischemic symptoms or weakness of the upper extremity, should be suspected of brachial artery injury, which should be further confirmed by arteriography or vascular color Doppler. Once the brachial artery is completely obstructed, ischemic necrosis of the distal forearm muscle group may occur due to the insufficient blood supply of the elbow vascular network, and the key is to require early diagnosis.