Among all infertility couples, infertility due to male factors accounts for about 40-50%. For the evaluation of male infertility, in addition to routine history taking and physical examination, relevant laboratory tests and functional analysis of semen are required, and the relevant semen parameters can directly reflect male fertility. What is the clinical significance of each of these parameters? Let us explain them one by one. Reference values for routine semen analysis (WHO manual, 5th edition): semen volume ≥1.5 ml; pH ≥7.2; sperm concentration ≥15×106/ml; total sperm count ≥39×106/1 ejaculation; sperm forward motion percentage ≥32%; normal morphology rate ≥4%; sperm survival rate ≥58%; white blood cells <1×106/ml. Clinical diagnosis Mild oligospermia and weak spermatozoa: Sperm concentration less than 15*106/mL and more than 10*106/mL; forward-moving sperm less than 32% and more than 15%. Moderate oligozoospermia: sperm concentration less than 10*106/mL and more than 5*106/mL; anterograde motile sperm less than 15% and more than 5%. Severe oligospermia and weak spermatozoa: sperm concentration less than 5*106/mL; forward motile sperm less than 5%. Severe abnormal spermatozoa: less than 1% of normal sperm. Male indications for artificial insemination (AIH) Mild oligospermia, weak spermatozoa, non-severe teratospermia, or moderate oligospermia, weak spermatozoa and total number of forward-moving sperm recovered after sperm washing ≥ 2 million; male sexual dysfunction, ejaculatory dysfunction, abnormal semen liquefaction, genital malformation and other infertility. Male partner indications for IVF Mild or moderate oligozoospermia, combined with non-severe teratospermia, no pregnancy after 3 or more IUI cycles; poor quality of sperm recovered after sperm washing; IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), if necessary, in combination with the number of eggs obtained by the female partner. The male partner's indication for ICSI is severe oligospermia, weak spermatozoa or severe aberrant spermatozoa; obstructive azoospermia; impaired fertilization by conventional IVF or a fertilization rate of <30% or excessive abnormal fertilization resulting in no available embryos for transfer, etc. It is important to recall that patients with poor semen parameters still have the possibility of spontaneous pregnancy for their partners, and that the relevant parameters can only guide the clinician in the correct management. For couples with male semen abnormalities, the treatment plan should be based on a complete examination of both partners, and the appropriate treatment strategy should include: 1; 3.If conception is not possible after treatment, assisted reproductive technology is recommended as soon as possible.