Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a popular disease in China, with a total prevalence rate of 10.8%. With the development of national economic construction and the improvement of national life, the incidence spectrum of renal disease in China has also quietly changed. The prevalence of nephritis related to infection, nutrition or developmental deficiencies (e.g., post-infectious nephritis, IGA nephropathy) has been decreasing, whereas metabolism- or drug-related nephropathies (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, membranous nephropathy) which were rare before, are increasing rapidly in multiples, and some vasculitic diseases and plasma cell diseases, which were extremely rare before, have also become more common. There are also some rare vasculitic diseases, plasma cell disease and other nephropathies caused by nephropathies are also more common. China’s renal disease spectrum of changes in the characteristics of: 1, and metabolism and aging-related diseases rose significantly According to the last century before the 1980s, China’s renal disease spectrum of monoclonal glomerulonephritis (referred to as nephritis) as the first cause of the disease, in particular, IGA nephropathy accounted for about 40%. The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, and other metabolic and age-related secondary kidney diseases was extremely low. 2011 statistics found that various metabolic and metabolism-related diseases in China are showing a significant increase in prevalence, e.g., the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy has increased from 1% in 1980 to 11.6% in 2011, and hypertension and obesity-related renal damage are also showing a similar increase. Another nationwide large-scale sample survey found that the ratio of diabetic nephropathy to chronic nephritis in hospitalized patients was only 0.82%:1.01% in 2010; since 2011, the proportion of diabetic nephropathy in hospitalized patients began to exceed that of chronic glomerulonephritis each year, and the proportion of diabetic nephropathy admissions significantly exceeded that of glomerulonephritis after 2015, with the ratio of the two reaching 1.10% and 0.75%. The medical profession is alarmed that the spectrum of kidney disease in China has entered a new era, and we can no longer look at today’s “nephritis” from the old point of view. In the past, it was a single glomerulonephritis that dominated the market, but nowadays, kidney disease is more complex, more mixed lesions, and has a greater impact on the regression of the disease. This change highly suggests that with the rapid progress of China’s economy and the transformation of the population’s lifestyle, the incidence spectrum of renal disease has changed dramatically this time, a phenomenon that should attract the attention of medical workers, and more should be to improve the public’s awareness of the changes in the spectrum of renal disease. With the accelerated aging process in China, as well as unhealthy lifestyle leading to obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, atherosclerosis and hyperuricemia and other diseases, the prevalence of renal damage and even end-stage uremia is bound to increase abruptly, if we do not raise the corresponding understanding and establish preventive measures, will bring great pressure to the community and the patient’s family. 2.Environmental factors can also cause kidney disease Another important finding is that air pollution can lead to diseases of the respiratory system and cardiovascular system, but also cause kidney disease. According to a recent study, the prevalence of a unique type of chronic kidney disease (CKD), —- membranous nephropathy (MN), doubled during the decade 2004-2014, with its incidence rising from 12.2% in 2004 to 24.9% in 2014, while the proportion of other types of nephritis did not change significantly during this period. Analysis found that the increase in the incidence of membranous nephropathy is closely related to the regional distribution of fine particulate air pollution, the attached figure A shows the prevalence of membranous nephropathy in our country, and the high and low rates of its patients and the B figure of the three-year average PM2.5 levels of cities in our country is extremely coincidental, highly suggesting that long-term exposure to particulate matter pollution of the environment may be an important causal factor in the increase of membranous nephropathy. 3, the deterioration of kidney function may catalyze another number of diseases Recent studies also found that patients with uremia combined with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are 5 to 8 times higher than the general population of the same age group. It has also been found that the decline in renal function in elderly patients will also increase the risk of malignant tumors. When the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) drops to 55 ml/min/1.73m2 (about 1/3 of the previous decline in renal function), the risk of malignant tumors begins to increase in older men. For every 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 decrease in glomerular filtration rate, the risk of malignant tumors in older men increases by 29%, and for eGFR decreasing to less than 40 ml/min/1.73 m2 (when renal function decreases to approximately one-half of what it used to be), the risk of malignant tumors increases by 200%. How should we respond to the current changes in the spectrum of kidney disease? 1, active prevention and risk avoidance The changes in the spectrum of kidney disease are enough to show that the traditional pathogenic factors (infection, malnutrition, congenital dysplasia, malformations) no longer constitute the leading factors in the pathogenesis of kidney disease, while environmental changes, metabolic disorders of the body, and bad habits are posing a new threat to the occurrence and development of kidney disease. In the face of this situation, both medical workers and disease-related families and individuals must pay enough attention to establish preventive measures. In the current situation, first of all, we should actively correct the bad lifestyle (overeating, staying up late, high salt diet, excessive drinking, etc.), learn to scientifically and rationally build a dietary structure, reduce weight, strictly control blood pressure and blood sugar status, and as far as possible, avoid contact with organic solvents and other toxic substances (such as hair dyes, antibiotics, nephrotoxic drugs, and intravenous fluids, etc.), which may affect the health of the body. 2.Regular comprehensive examination Regularly go to the hospital to do comprehensive specialty examination, early detection of renal damage or some important pathogenic factors (vascular and heart valve calcification points, abnormal serum proteins, serum complement changes) and some biomarkers with diagnostic value, such as: antibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R antibody), IGG4, complement, etc. ….. If we pay attention to prevention and timely correction of the above causative factors, it is entirely possible to greatly circumvent the adverse effects of the disease on human health, and early detection will also help to control the progression of the disease as early as possible.