Renal cysts are the most common cystic kidney disease. They are usually unilateral and solitary, but there are also multiple and bilateral ones. Cysts can be seen in all parts of the kidney, and they tend to grow toward the surface of the kidney and are spherical or ovoid, smooth, and well-defined. When the kidney cysts are large, they change the shape of the kidney and compress the normal adjacent normal tissues. The lower pole cysts can compress the ureter causing obstruction, effusion and infection. The clinical manifestations of renal cysts are mainly pain in the affected side of the lower back and abdomen, mainly distension and pain. When complications occur, the symptoms are more obvious. If intracapsular hemorrhage causes expansion of the cyst wall and compression of the envelope and parenchyma, severe pain in the lumbar region can occur; when secondary infection occurs, in addition to increased pain, there is also an increase in body temperature and general discomfort. When the cyst is huge, it can cause abdominal mass. Sometimes it can cause hypertension. Carnal hematuria does not usually occur, and microscopic hematuria may occur. Cysts in the lower pole of the kidney can cause incomplete obstruction of the renal pelvis and ureter, and even cause infection. Cysts increase in size or remain stable over time, and their changes in size and location can cause secondary effects on the kidney and surrounding tissues, which should be taken seriously. Treatment of renal cysts: renal cysts are benign lesions and patients are often asymptomatic; therefore, there is a paradoxical view of their treatment. However, renal cysts are not identical, not to mention that there are multiple changes in the disease process that need to be treated differently. If there is no obvious pressure on the renal parenchyma or pelvis and calyces, no infection or malignancy, and the ureter is draining freely, and the patient has no obvious symptoms, the cyst is generally not treated and can wait for observation and regular follow-up. If malignancy of the cyst is suspected, such as cystic adenocarcinoma or renal cell carcinoma, surgery should be performed as soon as possible to detect and remove the cyst. In case of secondary infection, broad antibiotics should be applied and if treatment is ineffective, surgery can be considered. It has been reported that only 33%-44% of cysts disappear with puncture sclerotherapy of renal cysts, and there is also a high recurrence rate, which may be related to the size of the cyst, the type of sclerosing agent and post puncture drainage. It should also be noted that the injected sclerosing agent may be absorbed and affect the renal parenchyma, causing the risk of renal fibrosis and renal atrophy, and if sclerosing agent spillage occurs, it may also cause complications, and this is generally no longer advocated as a treatment method. Renal cyst de-topping and decompression is the best method to treat renal cyst, divided into open surgery and laparoscopic surgery, both of which have 100% cure rate, because laparoscopic cyst de-topping and decompression obtains excellent efficacy, and is safe, less traumatic, less painful and faster recovery, and is recognized as laparoscopic standardized treatment of the disease. It is generally believed that: renal cysts reaching 4 cm or more, obvious compression of renal parenchyma or renal pelvis and calyces, or obstruction due to compression of ureter by lower pole cysts, and patients with obvious symptoms, can be considered for renal cyst decompression treatment.