Spontaneous pneumothorax is a relatively common benign disease, especially in tall and thin young men. The pathogenesis is due to the sudden rupture of a herpetic lesion on the surface of the lungs, and the air that is normally inhaled into the lungs through the rupture leaks from the surface of the lungs into the thoracic cavity. The gas that leaks into the chest cavity occupies the normal breathing space of the lungs, thus making the patient feel “unable to breathe” and even chest pain. Many people have had strenuous exercise or a cold or flu before the onset of the disease, but not all patients have a clear trigger for the onset of the disease. In some cases, the pneumothorax may occur suddenly while sleeping or reading a newspaper. In general there is no effective preventive measure for this disease. Patients who have been diagnosed with pulmonary hernias should avoid strenuous physical activity to prevent the hernias from rupturing and causing a pneumothorax. The most common symptoms of spontaneous pneumothorax are sudden onset of chest pain on one side, wheezing, difficulty in breathing, which may be combined with mild coughing in some patients. After the onset of pneumothorax, the symptoms of stridor may become more severe as the amount of air leakage from the chest cavity increases. If massive pneumothorax is left untreated for a long time, it may also lead to pulmonary atelectasis and pneumonia, which may be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, if spontaneous pneumothorax is suspected or diagnosed, you should go to the hospital immediately. Often, doctors can make a preliminary diagnosis through physical examination such as auscultation and inhalation sounds, and further diagnosis requires a chest X-ray. After the diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax is made, the patient should rest and minimize physical activity as instructed by the doctor. Patients who have a small amount of air leakage in the chest for the first time do not need to receive any special treatment, but need to be closely observed in the hospital. In many cases, a small amount of air leakage in the chest may be absorbed by itself, and the disease may eventually heal on its own; patients who have severe symptoms and a large amount of air leakage in the chest should undergo thoracocentesis or closed chest drainage immediately in order to drain the air from the chest as soon as possible, to restore the body’s normal breathing and to alleviate the symptoms of stridor. It should be clear that patients treated in this way may have recurrence of pneumothorax in the future because the foci that are prone to rupture and leakage of air in the lungs still exist; those who have recurrent episodes of pneumothorax or who still have a large amount of persistent leakage of air after placement of tubes and drainage should undergo pneumonectomy in order to completely remove the foci. However, it should be noted that those who have the first attack but have the following conditions should also receive pulmonary herpetic resection surgery: ① chest radiograph or CT examination confirms that there is a clear pulmonary herpetic; ② pneumothorax combined with thoracic hemorrhage; ③ pneumothorax occurs in both thoracic cavities; ④ the patient is engaged in special occupations, such as pilots, high-altitude workers, and so on. In recent years, with the progress of science and technology, in the treatment of pneumothorax, the emergence of minimal surgical trauma television thoracoscopy technology, which is a kind of use of cold light and endoscopic imaging technology to assist in the implementation of surgical means of modern science and technology. Doctors use three small openings of about 1cm on the chest wall, through the monitoring screen and special endoscopic instruments, can complete the exploration of lung air leakage in the chest cavity and the resection of diseased lung tissue, but also can do a comprehensive treatment of the pleural cavity, in order to completely prevent the possibility of recurrence of pneumothorax in the future. The surgical trauma is many times less than the previous open heart surgery, and the patient can fully recover in less than a week after the surgery. At present, this minimally invasive surgery has been carried out in many large general hospitals in China one after another. This minimally invasive surgery has been carried out in many large general hospitals in China. It is generally welcomed by doctors and patients. Finally, young people are reminded that if symptoms of wheezing and chest pain suddenly appear in daily life and increase rapidly within a few hours or days, it is important to think of the possibility of this disease and should immediately go to the thoracic surgery department of the nearby hospital. Since the disease is not rare, it should be reminded that patients and their families with spontaneous pneumothorax must not have any ideological burden, and schools, enterprises and institutions should never discriminate against or refuse to admit patients who have suffered from this disease. It should be known that this is a benign disease that can be completely cured, and there is no contagiousness to speak of. As long as the patient establishes a strong belief in overcoming the disease, and with the assistance of modern television thoracoscopy technology, the vast majority of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax can be cured in a short period of time.