Esophageal hyperplasia is associated with diseases such as esophageal reflux and esophageal cancer. When the cardia sphincter is relaxed, it is unable to block the reflux of gastric acid, thus triggering esophageal reflux disease. When esophageal reflux occurs, stomach acid will corrode the esophageal mucosa, causing edema, congestion, and even ulceration of the esophageal mucosa in severe cases. Long-term inflammatory stimulation can lead to hyperplasia in the esophagus. Some people have esophageal hyperplasia due to esophageal cancer, which is a malignant tumor that invades the surrounding tissues and organs, resulting in abnormal hyperplasia of local tissues, accompanied by pain and difficulty in swallowing. After the phenomenon of esophageal hyperplasia occurs, gastroscopy should be conducted in time to confirm the diagnosis, and if necessary, some tissues can be extracted for pathological examination. For esophageal hyperplasia caused by esophageal cancer, surgery should be performed in time, combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment.