A. Avoidance therapy For clear allergens, should be as far as possible from receiving hay fever patients, in the pollen dispersal period should be reduced outdoor activities, perennial rhinitis to improve the living environment flower birds remove carpets feather mattresses indoor ventilation and reduce dust and other measures are beneficial. The correct use of drugs can not only reduce the nasal symptoms during the pollen period but also make some cases easier to get through the pollen period without a long desensitization injection (1) Sodium cromoglycate can prevent histamine and other mediators by inhibiting Ca2+ from entering the cell and stabilizing the mast cell membrane. (2) Ketotifen has both antihistamine effect and prevent the release of inflammatory mediators from the leukocytes twice a day, 1 mg orally from two weeks before the onset of the disease to the end of the entire period of drowsiness in the first two weeks after taking the drug. (3) Adrenocorticosteroids can suppress the symptoms of nasal allergic reactions at different levels of intranasal application (aerosol nasal drops) or intranasal application (intranasal application can be continued until the end of the onset of the disease). According to pharmacokinetic studies, such corticosteroids have a strong ability to be absorbed via the nose. The following drugs should be added throughout the onset period depending on the specific condition: (1) antihistamines are effective in controlling itchy nasal and ocular sneezing, and are now mostly oral preparations. (3) Nasal decongestants such as nasal turbinate tissue congestion swelling available 1% ephedrine nasal drops to prevent the occurrence of drug rhinitis should be intermittently or alternately administered or adenosine triphosphate added 2, perennial allergic rhinitis drug therapy antihistamines sodium cromoglycate adrenocorticotropic hormone and anticholinergic drugs can be applied but this type of rhinitis is often dominated by a symptom so should be based on changes in the condition The choice or change of a drug that was effective may not be as effective as before if it is continued to take another drug (pharmacological effects can be eliminated) can often be effective. There are three forms of hyposensitization injections: 1. Perennial hyposensitization injection After determining the starting concentration according to the results of the skin test, the initial injection starts from 0.1 ml once every 2 to 3 days, and then increases every 10 times for a course of treatment Each course of treatment is a concentration The concentration of each course of treatment is generally 1:106 to 10:108 according to the course of treatment increments finally reach the maintenance concentration and dose The so-called maintenance concentration and dose refers to the patient The maintenance concentration and dose are the maximum concentration and dose that can be tolerated by the patient, i.e., without local and systemic reactions, generally 1:102 to 1:103 dose of 0.5 ml each time, and the number of injections is gradually extended from twice a week to once a week, once every two weeks or once a month. The advantage of this method is that it is convenient for patients and has significant efficacy. However, certain local reactions (local swelling and itching) and systemic reactions (rhinitis symptoms, chest congestion or asthma) often occur. The efficacy of this method is evaluated differently. The efficacy of specific immunotherapy is most significant in hay fever, with some reports stating that the efficiency can be as high as 90% or more. In some patients with long history of perennial rhinitis, hyperplastic hypertrophy of the inferior turbinate may occur, which may aggravate nasal congestion and other symptoms. Partial excision of the turbinates can significantly reduce nasal symptoms, and some people can also receive significant results by removing only a small amount of the anterior part of the inferior turbinates. Local cautery or laser irradiation of the nasal mucosa with chemical (20% nitrate retreat) or physical (electrical) heat can also significantly reduce the sensitivity of the nasal mucosa and achieve symptom control.