The “three high diseases” are hypertension, hyperglycemia (diabetes) and hyperlipidemia.
They are the “diseases of affluence” derived from modern society, which may exist separately or may be interrelated. For example, diabetic patients can easily suffer from hypertension or hyperlipidemia at the same time, while hyperlipidemia is a major factor in the formation and development of atherosclerosis, and the poor vascular elasticity of atherosclerotic patients aggravates the increase in blood pressure. Therefore, the appearance of any one of these three diseases, the late formation of the “three high disease” is easy.
The “number one killer” of human fatalities
Among the top ten causes of death in China, the mortality rate related to metabolic diseases is as high as 35.7%, and the number of deaths related to the “three highs” also accounts for 27% of the total number of deaths.
With the improvement of living standard and change of life rhythm, the “three high diseases” (i.e. hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia), which are called “diseases of the rich”, have become like “the swallows in front of the old king’s palace, flying into ordinary people’s homes “The number of people who die from cardiovascular diseases is as high as 15 million every year worldwide, ranking first among all causes of death. Cardiovascular disease has become the highest cause of human death “number one killer”, but also people’s health “silent fury”!
Cardiovascular diseases have the characteristics of “high incidence, high disability rate, high mortality rate, high recurrence rate and many complications”, and at present, there are more than 270 million patients with cardiovascular diseases in China!
High blood pressure can cause cerebral hemorrhage and cerebrovascular rupture; high blood sugar can cause diabetes.
The World Health Organization has clearly proposed that the first line of defense against cardiovascular disease is to reduce the “three highs” and control the “three highs”.
Clinical manifestations
(A) Hypertension
Hypertension is one of the most common epidemics of our time. Early hypertensive patients may experience headache, dizziness, tinnitus, palpitations, blurred vision, inattention, memory loss, numbness in hands and feet, fatigue, irritability, etc. These symptoms are mostly due to higher neurological dysfunctions, and their severity may not be consistent with the degree of blood pressure increase.
In the later stages, blood pressure often remains at a high level and is accompanied by damage to the brain, heart, kidneys and other organs. The damage to these organs can be caused either directly by hypertension or indirectly by accelerating the development of atherosclerotic disease. The early stages of damage to these organs can be asymptomatic and eventually lead to dysfunction and even failure.
(ii) Hyperglycemia
The most common form of hyperglycemia is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, lifelong disease, a common disease that seriously endangers human health and causes abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other nutrients in the body due to relative or absolute insulin deficiency. The disease can cause a variety of complications, and in severe cases, it can cause systemic diseases that can lead to disability, blindness, and even death. The symptoms of diabetes are “three more and one less”, i.e., excessive urination, excessive drinking, excessive eating and weight loss. Patients with high blood sugar should pay attention to diet control, low sugar and low salt, and strengthen exercise.
(C) High blood lipid
Hyperlipidemia refers to high cholesterol or triglycerides or low HDL cholesterol in blood, which is called dyslipidemia in modern medicine. If there is too much blood lipid, it tends to cause “thickening”, which is deposited on the walls of blood vessels and gradually forms atherosclerosis, gradually blocking the blood vessels, slowing down the blood flow and, in severe cases, interrupting the blood flow.
If this happens in the heart, it will lead to coronary heart disease; if it happens in the brain, it will lead to stroke; if it blocks the blood vessels at the bottom of the eyes, it will lead to vision loss and blindness; if it happens in the kidneys, it will lead to renal arteriosclerosis and kidney failure; if it happens in the lower limbs, it will lead to limb necrosis and ulceration. In addition, high blood lipids can trigger high blood pressure, induce gallstones and pancreatitis, aggravate hepatitis, dementia and other diseases. To lower blood lipids you can consume more vitamin C tablets, ginkgo soft capsules, liquid calcium and other substances.
Causes
Due to long time dietary habit problem, there are too many lipids and too many alcohols in the diet. At the same time, there is no reasonable exercise to promote the metabolism of lipid alcohols, resulting in the gradual increase of lipid alcohols in the body, mixed in the blood, so that the capillaries are blocked, and over time, lipid alcohols are easily combined with free mineral ions in the body to form thrombus. The thrombus tends to accumulate and calcify at the corners of the blood vessels, or at the bottlenecks. At the same time the thrombus becomes more and more numerous, reducing the diameter of the blood vessels. The heart, in order to maintain an adequate blood supply, increases blood pressure, causing hypertensive disorders. If the blood pressure is too high, it may cause the blood vessel to collapse, so bleeding cardiovascular disease arises. If the blood supply is insufficient due to blockage, it is ischemic cardiovascular disease.
Treatment targets for hypertension
1.Patients with hypertension grade 2 (blood pressure equal to or greater than 160mmHg) or above.
2.Patients with hypertension combined with diabetes mellitus, or patients with existing heart, brain and kidney target organ damage and complications.
3.Where blood pressure persists for more than 6 months, and effective control is not obtained after improving life behavior.
4.From the perspective of cardiovascular risk stratification, high-risk and very high-risk patients must be treated intensively with antihypertensive drugs.
The target value of hypertension control
1.In principle, the blood pressure should be brought to the level that can be tolerated by the patient, and the target value of blood pressure control is generally advocated to be at least less than 140/90mmHg.
The target value of blood pressure control should be less than 130/80mmHg for those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease combined with hypertension?br />3. According to the evidence obtained from clinical trials, the target level of blood pressure reduction for systolic hypertension in the elderly should be 140-150mmHg for systolic blood pressure and less than 90mmHg for diastolic blood pressure but not less than 65-70mmHg.
Say goodbye to triple hypertension.
Get out of the five misunderstandings of simply lowering blood pressure
One of the misconceptions: to estimate the blood pressure by self-perception.
Myth No. 2: Stop taking your medication as soon as your blood pressure drops.
Myth No. 3: Do not know how to pretend to understand their own treatment.
Myth No. 4: Not according to the specific situation, the pursuit of blood pressure standard.
Myth No. 5: Simply lowering blood pressure without comprehensive treatment.
Diagnostic criteria of hyperglycemia
Random blood glucose ≥ 11.1mmol/L, fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0mmol/L (generally when there is no calorie intake for at least 8 hours), and combined with symptoms such as excessive drinking, excessive eating, excessive urination and weight loss can confirm the diagnosis of diabetes. It is often divided into two types: type 1 insulin-dependent and type 2 non-insulin-dependent.
Diagnostic criteria of hyperlipidemia
Blood lipids mainly refer to cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood serum. Whether the cholesterol level is increased, the triglyceride level is increased, or both are increased, it is collectively called hyperlipidemia.
Based on the results of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol measurements, hyperlipidemia is classified into the following four types
(1) Hypercholesterolemia: increased serum total cholesterol level exceeding 572 mmol/L and normal triglyceride level, i.e., triglycerides <1.70 mmol/L.
(2) Hypertriglyceridemia: increased serum triglyceride level exceeding 1.70 mmol/L with normal total cholesterol level, i.e. total cholesterol <5.72 mmol/L.
(3) Mixed hyperlipidemia: increased serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, i.e., total cholesterol over 572 mmol/L and triglycerides over 1.70 mmol/L.
(4) Low HDL-C: decreased serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) level <9.0 mmol/L.
Three high prevention
1, hypertension disease
First, is to keep a relaxed mood and avoid great joy and sadness. People in mood swings, when there is great joy and sadness, sympathetic nerves will be excited, so that the heartbeat accelerates, peripheral vascular resistance increases, diastolic blood pressure rises significantly, so repeatedly, blood pressure rises, it will cause hypertension.
Second, is to have a regular life. A regular life is very important to prevent hypertension. Do a combination of work and rest, maintain adequate sleep every day, and have 1 to 2 hours of activity time during the day.
Third, is a reasonable diet, to avoid obesity. Reasonable diet means high fiber, low salt and low fat diet, should eat more fruits, vegetables and grains, etc. to avoid causing obesity. Strictly control the amount of salt, 4 to 6 grams per day is appropriate. Calcium has the effect of lowering blood pressure, more food containing high calcium, such as: milk, shrimp, radish, honey, etc.
Fourth, is to actively participate in sports. Appropriate exercise exercise, can relax the muscles, smooth the flow of Qi and blood, have a positive effect on the prevention of hypertension. Can be different according to their respective situations, choose brisk walking, jogging, swimming and other aerobic exercises. Each exercise should pay attention to the amount of exercise, gradual, persistent to see results.
In addition, according to their own hobby characteristics. Listen to beautiful music often, can make the mood, physical and mental relaxation, so as to avoid excessive tension and blood pressure rise. If you are suffering from hypertension, when self-regulation treatment is not effective, you should go to the hospital in time to control hypertension through the use of reasonable medication.
2.Diabetes
The key to preventing diabetes is to “know more, eat less and exercise more, and relax less”.
More understanding, that is, a little more knowledge of diabetes, a little more understanding of its hazards, a little more understanding of its preventive measures.
Eat less, that is, make the total calorie intake less, not only the main food to eat less, but also the side food, especially the high-calorie side food to eat less, to eat scientifically and reasonably, do not eat indiscriminately.
Move diligently, to often maintain a certain amount of exercise. On the basis of diet control, plus exercise, the body will not be too fat, not obese, the chance of getting diabetes will be reduced, weight control is a very important one.
Mental relaxation, refers to good self-psychological regulation, a good state of mind has a positive effect on the prevention of diabetes. These four points hope that you can actually do and long-term adherence, diabetes will not come to “invade” you.
3, hyperlipidemia
First, reasonable adjustment of dietary structure
Limit the intake of foods rich in fat and cholesterol, choose low-fat foods (vegetable oil, sour milk, etc.), and increase the intake of vitamins (fruits, vegetables, bread and cereals, etc.).
Second, improve lifestyle.
(1) lose weight, obesity is excess fat.
(2) Quit smoking. Nicotine and carbon monoxide in tobacco can trigger and aggravate the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.
(3) control the consumption of alcohol. A small amount of alcohol is good for the body, more drinking is harmful. Alcohol is high in calories, and drinking more aggravates obesity.
(4) aerobic exercise (jogging, etc.)
(3) by reasonable adjustment of dietary structure and change of lifestyle
When high blood lipid cannot be effectively controlled, take reasonable lipid-lowering drugs to control the blood lipid in the normal range.