When rectal cancer spreads out of the intestinal wall and infiltrates more extensively in the pelvis (or when it recurs in the pelvis after surgery), it can cause soreness and swelling in the lumbar and sacral areas. Invasive cervical cancer is often detected during gynecological examination and confirmed by pathological biopsy histological examination. Some cervical cancers are asymptomatic and seen abnormally by the naked eye, so pay attention to the differentiation. Examination of more extensive infiltration in the pelvis caused by rectal cancer: 1. Pathological examination is the main basis for confirming the diagnosis of rectal cancer. Since rectal cancer surgery often involves rerouting, which affects patients’ survival quality, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment, the results of pathological examination must be obtained before or during surgery to guide treatment. Absolutely do not dig out the anus easily. 2.Carcinoembryonic antigen determination Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determination has been commonly carried out and is generally considered to be valuable for evaluating treatment effects and prognosis, and continuous determination of serum CEA can be used to observe the effects of surgery or chemotherapy. A significant decrease in CEA after surgery or chemotherapy indicates a good therapeutic effect. If surgery is incomplete or chemotherapy is ineffective, serum CEA is often maintained at high levels. If CEA decreases to normal and increases again after surgery, it often indicates tumor recurrence. How to check rectal cancer? Rectal examination (1) Position: generally adopt chest and knee position or lithotomy position, and left side lying position for weak body. These positions can palpate the lesion 7-8cm away from the anus. If necessary, the squatting position can be used to palpate rectal lesions within 10 to 12 cm. (2) Visual examination: Observe the anus for deformity, mass prolapse, skin nodules, ulcers, erythema, fistulas, and other conditions. (3) Enter the finger: apply sufficient lubricant on the finger sleeve, gently rub the anus with the finger to relax the anal sphincter, and make the finger enter the anus gently in the relaxed state of the patient, and try to enter the deepest part of the anus. (4) Understand the mucosa of the rectum and anal canal: examine the wall around the rectum and anal canal in turn after entering the finger, and gradually retreat the finger. Pay attention to the presence of nodules, ulcers, stiffness, masses and tenderness. (5) Mass palpation: If a mass is palpated, the size, texture, mobility, surface condition, orientation on the intestinal wall, distance from the anus, etc. should be understood. If the rectal canal is narrowed due to tumor, the finger should not be forced to break through. Generally speaking, the surface mucosa of the masses from outside the rectum is smoother, which is an important feature to distinguish rectal tumor from extra-rectal tumor. Attention should also be paid to identify normal tissues and organs such as the cervix and prostate gland. (6) Retracted finger: Retracted finger should be checked for pus, blood and necrotic tissue in the finger sleeve.