Ectatinib hydrochloride, a molecularly targeted drug for lung cancer, has been regarded as the “domestic ERSA”. In 2011, China’s new small molecule targeted anti-cancer drug Kemena (Exatinib Hydrochloride), which has completely independent intellectual property rights, was proven to be effective and finally successful. Ectatinib hydrochloride is a new generation of targeted anti-cancer drug targeting epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, which was developed by our scientists and clinical experts in 8 years. Guo Zhifeng, Department of Medical Oncology, Chifeng Hospital, reported the phase III clinical trial at the 2010 CSCO Annual Meeting on September 17, 2010. The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, double-model, positive drug-parallel control study with gefitinib as the control drug to observe the efficacy and safety of patients with advanced lung cancer who had failed chemotherapy in a “head-to-head” manner. A total of 400 patients were enrolled in the study, and 399 were eventually enrolled, including 200 in the study group and 199 in the control group. The study showed that the efficacy of erlotinib hydrochloride was not inferior to that of gefitinib, with a median disease-free progression period of 137 days in the erlotinib group and 102 days in the gefitinib group, and a median time to disease progression of 154 days in the erlotinib group and 109 days in the gefitinib group. In terms of safety, the incidence of adverse reactions was 60.5% for exatinib and 70.4% for gefitinib, and the incidence of rash was 40.0% and 49.2%, and diarrhea was 18.5% and 27.6% in the two groups, respectively. Preliminary studies suggest that the efficacy and toxicity of erlotinib are similar to and possibly superior to gefitinib in terms of toxicity, but that multiple daily oral doses are required for dosing.