Rheumatic disease is a disease that involves the entire body with a metabolic reaction to connective tissue. It affects joints (especially large joints such as both knees and wrists) and the heart, and is associated with varying degrees of fever, rash (circumscribed erythema of the extremities), and small subcutaneous nodules. Some patients also develop chorea with involuntary movements of the hands and feet. After an acute attack of this disease, varying degrees of heart valve lesions are often left behind. Rheumatic heart disease (commonly known as rheumatic heart disease), also called chronic rheumatic valve disease, is chronic heart valve damage left over from rheumatic valvulitis. Rheumatic heart disease is most common in young and middle-aged people between the ages of 20 and 40, and is relatively uncommon in children under the age of 10 and older people over the age of 70, with more women than men. Clinically, mitral valve lesions are more common, accounting for about 70% to 80%; followed by mitral valve combined with aortic valve lesions, accounting for about 20% to 35%; while simple aortic valve lesions account for only 2% to 5%; tricuspid and pulmonary valve lesions mostly exist in combination with other two valve lesions, and rarely exist alone. Symptoms: often manifest as panic, shortness of breath, dyspnea, swelling of the lower extremities, poor nausea, urination, etc. after activity or exertion, and in severe cases, arrhythmia, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, and even shock. Sudden asymptomatic death due to severe heart valve disease is not uncommon. Rheumatic heart valve disease is prone to arrhythmias, the most common of which are atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Because blood does not flow smoothly into the left ventricle, it is easy to develop a thrombus attached to the inner wall of the left atrium, and once the thrombus is dislodged, embolism occurs. The cerebral artery embolism is the most common, and cerebral embolism can be followed by hemiplegia, mouth distortion and aphasia on one side. Diagnosis: 1. Typical medical history 2. Physical examination mostly reveals abnormalities such as heart murmur, heart enlargement and arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation). 3, heart color ultrasound multispectral examination to clarify the heart valve lesions and their degree, and at the same time can understand the function of the heart, providing a basis for treatment. Internal treatment: The main treatment is cardiac insufficiency. Under the guidance of doctors, cardiac stimulants should be taken, as well as diuretics on a regular basis; in terms of diet, excessive salt should be avoided, and the daily amount of salt should be kept below 5 grams, and light, easily digestible food should be eaten as much as possible. Pay attention to the supplement of potassium salts, such as red dates, mushrooms, fruits, etc. When the heart function has recovered, you should also do some physical exercise, such as tai chi, qigong and other activities, to improve the body’s resistance and heart function. Interventional treatment: transatrial septal puncture mitral balloon dilatation: this technique has been widely carried out in China, and is the best choice for simple mitral stenosis with no calcification, good subvalvular structure, good valve mobility, and no or mild mitral valve insufficiency. However, the rate of restenosis after this procedure is high, and the choice of balloon dilation is strict, and this method is now largely eliminated. Surgical treatment: Patients with significant symptoms and indications for surgery should undergo surgery as early as possible to avoid increasing the risk of surgery and affecting the surgical outcome. Surgical procedures include two basic methods: heart valve repair and heart valve replacement. Heart valve repair is the most desirable type of surgical procedure. For most congenital valve tears, leaflet junction adhesions, leaflet prolapse, ischemic mitral valve insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, and some rheumatic valve insufficiency, repair surgery is often successful in reestablishing valve function and achieving satisfactory long-term outcomes at a lower medical cost. In most cases of rheumatic, infectious, and calcific valve disease that cannot be surgically repaired, heart valve replacement surgery is more often indicated.