Migraine is a common disease, but many people do not know about it and there are many misconceptions about it. First, does migraine mean headache on one side of the head? Many people may think that migraine means pain on one side of the head, but migraine is actually a disease rather than a symptom. Although most migraine headaches are migraines, bilateral headaches may also be migraines. 2. What are the common manifestations of migraine? The common types of migraine are: migraine without aura and migraine with aura. Migraine without aura is the most common type, accounting for about 80% of migraineurs, and migraine with aura accounts for about 10%. The main manifestations of migraine with aura are: aura symptoms before or when the headache occurs, most commonly visual aura, such as blurred vision, dark spots, flashes, bright spots and bright lines, or distortion of vision; followed by sensory aura, mostly pins and needles or numbness in the face-hand area; also rare speech disorders, weakness of the migraine body, etc. The aura symptoms usually last for 5-60 minutes, and the headache occurs at the same time as or after the aura, manifesting as a pulsating headache in the frontotemporal or retro-orbital area on one or both sides, which is moderate or severe, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, anorexia, pallor, depression, photophobia, phonophobia, etc., and preferring to lie down in a dark room. The headache can be aggravated by activity and relieved after sleep. The pain lasts for several hours or more than ten hours, or several days in severe cases. After the headache subsides, there are often fatigue, lethargy, irritability, weakness and poor appetite. Migraine without aura is characterized by migraine without aura. The location, nature and symptoms of headache attacks are similar to those of migraine with aura. 3. What are the causes of migraine? 1. Genetic factors: Migraine has obvious family aggregation, about 50%-80% of patients have positive family history. 2. Endocrine factors: The disease is more common in females than in males, with onset in adolescence, easy to have attacks during menstruation, and reduction or cessation of attacks during pregnancy or after menopause. This suggests that endocrine factors are involved in the development of migraine. 3.Food and drug factors: Migraine attacks can be triggered by certain foods and drugs, such as cheese, pickled foods, chocolate, wine, birth control pills, vasodilator drugs, etc. 4.Other factors: strong light, overexertion, excessive or too little sleep, emotional tension, stressful events, etc. are also triggering factors of migraine. Treatment of migraine 1. The premise of treatment is to understand migraine correctly. Although migraine cannot be cured under current conditions, it can be prevented and reduced by effective methods; meanwhile, it is necessary to maintain a healthy lifestyle and effectively avoid various adverse stimuli. 2. Non-pharmacological interventions play a very important role in the treatment of migraine. It includes massage, acupuncture, cupping, gua sha, physical therapy, psychotherapy and so on. 3.Pharmacological treatment is divided into treatment in the acute attack period and preventive treatment in the remission period. The goal of acute attack treatment is to quickly stop pain, avoid relapse within a short period of time and improve the function of the body. A professional doctor is needed to choose the appropriate medication according to the specific situation of the patient. The goals of preventive treatment are to reduce the number of migraine attacks; to decrease the level of pain; to reduce the impairment of body functions; and to improve the effectiveness of treatment in the acute attack period. The duration of preventive treatment is usually 3-6 months, which requires patients to understand the characteristics of the disease, objectively grasp the expectations of treatment, and closely cooperate with doctors to adjust the treatment plan in a timely manner.