I. What is osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint lesions, osteoarthritis has many names, such as hypertrophic osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis, degenerative arthritis, proliferative osteoarthritis or osteoarthrosis, all referring to a disease, the domestic uniform use of osteoarthritis. It is mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly people More women than men. Osteoarthritis is easily affected by the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hand, the knee, elbow and shoulder joints, and the spinal joints. The main pathological changes of osteoarthritis are degenerative degeneration and loss of cartilage, as well as reactive hyperplasia of bone at the ligamentous attachments and subchondral bone at the joint edges, resulting in joint pain, stiffness and deformity, and functional impairment. Normally, there is little friction between the joints to cause wear and tear, unless overuse or injury occurs. The most likely cause of osteoarthritis is an abnormality in the synthetic cartilage components, such as collagen (a tough, fibrous protein in connective tissue) and mucin (a substance that produces cartilage elasticity). In addition, the cartilage, although growing vigorously, is thin and its surface is prone to rupture. Bone overgrowth at the edges of the joint forms a mass that can be seen and felt (called an osteochondroma). Bone superfluous causes unevenness of the joint surface, interferes with the normal joint function and causes pain. Third, the symptoms of osteoarthritis 1, primary osteoarthritis occurs mostly after the age of 50, more women than men, secondary arthritis, the onset of a younger age, 30-40 years old is common, the most common joints for the cervical spine, lumbar spine, hip, knee, ankle, shoulder, elbow, fingers and other joints; 2, the main clinical manifestations of early osteoarthritis are: stiffness is the main, exertion, cold or The main clinical manifestations of early osteoarthritis are: stiffness mainly, exertion, cold or minor trauma and aggravation, difficulty in changing limbs from one position to another, pain and stiffness soon relieved by slight activity: for example, stiffness and pain in the morning when waking up or standing up after sitting for a long time, the symptoms are obvious, and the joint symptoms are reduced or disappear after activity, because the early appearance of this symptom is not taken seriously, coupled with the lack of timely treatment, this symptom slowly aggravated, every 1-2 years acute The pain is constant until the joints are deformed, swollen, and the functional activities are impaired by the inability to take care of themselves. Fourth, osteoarthritis diagnostic tests 1, symptoms and signs; 2, X-ray examination, diagnosis. Osteoarthritis is specific: articular cartilage is mainly hyperplastic, the joint surface is rough, and the joint space is narrowed; 3, laboratory tests, patients with osteoarthritis have negative serum rheumatoid factor, blood sedimentation is not fast, and C-peptide-reactive protein is not elevated. V. Osteoarthritis treatment 1. Osteoarthritis drug therapy (1) sodium hyaluronate: the main component of the synovial fluid of the joint cavity, one of the components of the cartilage matrix, which plays a lubricating role in the joint and reduces friction between tissues, can significantly improve the inflammatory response of synovial tissue after injection into the joint cavity, enhance the viscosity and lubricating function of the joint fluid, protect joint cartilage, promote the healing and regeneration of joint cartilage, and Relieves pain and increases joint mobility. It is often injected intra-articularly, 25mg once, once a week for 5 weeks, with strict aseptic operation. (2) Glucosamine: It is the most important monosaccharide that constitutes polyglucosamine (GS) and proteoglycan in the cartilage matrix of joints. In normal people, GS can be synthesized through the amination of glucose, but in osteoarthritis, the synthesis of GS in chondrocytes is blocked or insufficient, resulting in softening of cartilage matrix and loss of elasticity, destruction of collagen fiber structure, and increase of cartilage surface cavity, causing bone wear and destruction. Glucosamine can block the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, promote the synthesis of proteoglycans with normal structure in chondrocytes, and inhibit the production of enzymes (such as collagenase and phospholipase A2) that damage tissue and cartilage, reduce damage to chondrocytes, improve joint movement, relieve joint pain, and delay the course of osteoarthritis. Take 250-500mg orally once, 3 times a day, best taken with meals. (3) Non-steroidal analgesic anti-inflammatory drugs: can inhibit the synthesis of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin, counteract the inflammatory response, relieve joint edema and pain. Can use Celecoxib 200mg twice a day. 2, osteoarthritis surgery 3, traditional Chinese medicine treatment: Chinese medicine believes that “the kidney is the main bone marrow”, the marrow in the bone, the bone depends on the marrow to fill the nourishment, the occurrence of the disease to the deficiency of kidney essence as the root. Qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm coagulation, wind, cold and dampness, invasion of paralysis and obstruction of the meridians for the symptoms. The internal prescription is based on Chinese medicine: cold and damp paralysis type, qi stagnation and blood stasis type, and liver and kidney deficiency type, respectively, with addition and subtraction of Angelica Sinensis Si-wei Tang, addition and subtraction of Body Pain and Blood Stasis Soup, and addition and subtraction of Tonic Yang Returning Five Soup. External fumigation with Chinese herbs. Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, acupuncture points: calvary, inner knee eye, Yanglingquan, Yinlingquan, Heting, Blood Sea, etc., and moxibustion at the same time, or electric acupuncture. 4, osteoarthritis non-pharmacological treatment including patient health education, self-training, weight loss, aerobics, joint mobility training, muscle strength training, the use of walking aids, wedge walking insoles for internal knee roll, occupational therapy and joint protection, daily life aids, etc. Since osteoarthritis is associated with obesity, decalcification, vitamin A and D deficiency, the following points should be noted in the diet and living: (1) to Increase outdoor activities and exercise appropriately. Generally speaking, walking, swimming and bicycling are easy activities that can achieve the purpose of exercise; (2) enter high-calcium foods and take calcium supplements when necessary; (3) overweight people should control their diet and reduce their weight to help reduce the weight of the joints; (4) protein intake should be limited; (5) multivitamin intake should be increased, such as vitamins A, B, B1, B12, C and D B1, B12, C and D, etc. In short, osteoarthritis is not an incurable disease, as long as you tell your doctor clearly about your symptoms, cooperate with your doctor, maintain good living habits and exercise, I believe tomorrow will be better!