“Precision therapy” is one of the most popular terms in the medical field nowadays, as the name suggests, it means finding the most accurate target area, using the most effective treatment method, obtaining the maximum therapeutic effect, and minimizing the side effects of the treatment. So how to achieve the effect of “precision treatment” in the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer? The Department of Esophageal Surgery of Shanghai Chest Hospital follows the following principles: 1. Accurate assessment: whether the tumor assessment is accurate or not is the key to decide whether the surgical resection is accurate and thorough. At present, we comprehensively use EUS (Esophageal Ultrasound) to scan the tumor invasion, CT to locate the metastatic status of the lymph nodes, and try to use the method of puncture and PET to make it clear in case of doubt. In order to provide the fastest, most accurate and flexible tissue diagnosis, we have set up a small specimen diagnosis center, which is a one-stop shop for rapid diagnosis of EUS, EBUS, ultrasound puncture, endoscopic biopsy and other specimens. Therefore, you can get the most accurate and fastest precise diagnosis here. 2.Precise surgery: the so-called precise surgery is to design the surgery according to the possible invasion range of the lesion. If the tumor may have neck metastasis, we will adopt standard three-field lymph node dissection, while if the patient only has submucosal invasion, and at the same time, is not a high-risk patient with lymph node metastasis, we will choose the least traumatic mediastinoscopy-assisted transcaval esophagectomy. 3. Precise minimally invasive: the definition of minimally invasive esophageal cancer is broad, which does not only refer to thoracoscopic esophagectomy, but also extends to endoscopic resection, thoracoscopic resection, and chest wall small incision resection with muscle preservation. We do not insist on thoracoscopic surgery for specific patients, and the maximum tumor resection and acceptable tissue trauma are the results we pursue. 4.Precision care: In the esophageal surgery department of the Chest Hospital, our surgical care is based on the requirement of precision. For each patient, we will have targeted pain, nutrition, and rehabilitation care, and a meticulous care and rehabilitation experience will be maximized.