Osteoma, or bone tumor, is a tumor that occurs in bone or originates from bone tissue components, and can be divided into benign bone tumors and malignant bone tumors. Benign bone tumors develop slowly and have good prognosis, and the common ones are osteochondroma and chondrosarcoma. Osteochondroma is a tumor originated from cartilage tissue, which mostly occurs in adolescents. As the body develops the tumor increases, when the bone growth stops, its growth also stops, mostly seen at the end of long bones, i.e. near the joints of limbs and limbs, mainly manifested as bony painless masses. Chondrosarcoma occurs in the tubular bones of the hands and feet, and is mostly solitary, symmetrical in growth, with painless swelling and deformity, and can present with dysfunction of hand and foot movement, but is rarely malignant. Malignant tumors develop rapidly, with poor prognosis and high mortality rate, also known as bone cancer, and there are two types of primary and secondary. The most common primary bone malignant tumors are osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Osteosarcoma most commonly occurs near the knee joint, and the main symptoms are local pain, swelling, and joint movement disorders. Chondrosarcoma is more common in adults and is more common in males, with local pain and swelling as the main manifestation. Secondly, chondrosarcoma is also more common in adults and the elderly, and the main manifestations are local pain and swelling. In addition, many malignant tumors such as lung cancer and breast cancer metastasize to the bone through the blood and lymphatic system, forming secondary bone malignant tumors. Osteoma is mostly benign. The patient’s age of onset, site of onset, and clinical manifestations all contribute to the diagnosis of osteoma.