China is not only a major country in terms of the prevalence and incidence of chronic hepatitis B, but also the country where hepatitis B patients are most severely discriminated against. In response to the problem of discrimination against hepatitis B due to misunderstanding, experts in infectious diseases and hepatology in China, after years of popularizing and educating the public and appealing to the government and the public, promoted the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare to promulgate the first anti-hepatitis B discrimination document in 2007 – “Opinions on Safeguarding the Employment Rights of People Carrying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen”. Opinions on Safeguarding the Employment Rights of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Carriers”. After the issuance of this document, the implementation by employers and schools around the world has not been satisfactory, and labor disputes arising from the mandatory screening of hepatitis B virus markers for employment and enrollment, as well as the refusal of employment and enrollment of people with positive hepatitis B-related indicators, or even the dismissal of people, still occur from time to time, and have attracted widespread attention in the community. In view of this, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health jointly issued the Circular on Further Standardizing Medical Examinations for Admission to Schools and Employment and Safeguarding the Rights of People Carrying Hepatitis B Surface Antigen to Admission to Schools and Employment in 2010, which explicitly stipulates that: “Educational institutions of all levels and types and employers shall not require the conduct of Hepatitis B tests during the medical examinations for admission to schools and employment. The Notice clearly stipulates that: “Educational institutions and employers of all levels and types shall not ask for Hepatitis B tests in the physical examinations for admission and employment of citizens” and “They shall not ask for Hepatitis B test reports, nor shall they ask whether or not they are carriers of Hepatitis B surface antigen. Medical and health institutions at all levels shall not provide Hepatitis B testing services during physical examinations for school enrollment and employment”. Since then, although the problem of hepatitis B discrimination in China has not been completely solved, the “survival situation” of chronic hepatitis B patients has been greatly improved. However, there are two sides to everything, and the introduction of a good policy or regulation will inevitably bring about problems that cannot be covered comprehensively. For example, the issue of how potential hepatitis B virus infected persons can be effectively screened for early detection, assessment and treatment has become more prominent and thorny. Clinically, we are still often saddened to find that a small number of patients with chronic hepatitis B, due to ignorance and “not knowing” about hepatitis B, do not go to the hospital until they develop cirrhosis, liver failure or even liver cancer, and the primary factor leading to such a tragedy is the failure to test or monitor hepatitis B. How to avoid this kind of avoidable tragedy from happening again and again? How can hepatitis B be detected early and treated correctly and effectively? To answer these two questions, we must first clarify the relationship between the anti-discrimination policies and regulations of the government administration and the necessary hepatitis B screening. The former, based on a correct understanding of scientific and academic issues such as the contagiousness and transmission pathways of chronic hepatitis B, are regulatory documents with Chinese characteristics, designed to maximize the protection of the legitimate rights of patients to employment, work and schooling, and to protect the privacy of patients and their families from infringement. Such regulations are still necessary at present and for some time to come, are essential for social harmony, and have been proven to be a great achievement in practice so far. However, as subjects who may have been infected with the hepatitis B virus – patients, they must not be applied to their own health assessment or disease check-ups because of the government’s exemption of hepatitis B tests for employment and schooling. Here, the author would like to make a few suggestions for caution. 1. Anyone, whether he thinks he is healthy or already suffers from a certain disease, no matter at what age, must regularly do a comprehensive health and disease indicator checkup. The idea of medical checkups is easily accepted by middle-aged people, especially those who are already sick, while young people within 30 years of age tend to “disdain” it, which must be wrong. This must be a mistake. It is important to note that the development of the disease after hepatitis B virus infection can be very insidious, and most people do not have any symptoms before the age of 30. Most of the hepatitis B virus infected people in our country originated from mother-to-child vertical transmission or were infected in infancy, many of them are in the state of immune tolerance before the age of 30, that is, the hepatitis B virus as a family member, will not take the initiative to exclude the virus, will not appear a variety of symptoms of hepatitis, the only way to find out about the hepatitis B is to do the blood examination of hepatitis B-related indicators. Accordingly, I would like to appeal to the young people: what if you have a medical checkup even once before the age of 30? It should also be pointed out that many medical check-up organizations in China, including the medical check-up departments in hospitals, have misinterpreted the national regulation on the exemption of hepatitis B indicators, and not only do they not include hepatitis B virus test items in various medical check-up packages, but also do not remind the examinees before the medical check-ups, which may be based on the concern about the “violation of the law” as a self-protective act. However, as the examinee, since you take the initiative to physical examination in order to self-discovery of unhealthy conditions, I suggest that you take the initiative to check the hepatitis B virus and other infectious disease indicators, the physical examination organization will protect your privacy. 2. If your relatives or family members with blood relationship are diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis B related diseases, such as cirrhosis, liver failure or liver cancer, you must go to the hospital immediately to do a targeted examination, which includes: biochemical indicators of the liver (commonly known as liver function), the hepatitis B virus “two-half pairs of half” and the genes of the hepatitis B virus (i.e. HBV DNA), preferably at the same time. HBV DNA), preferably along with an alpha-fetoprotein test and a liver ultrasound. The cost of these tests is not very high. 3. If you experience discomfort in the liver area, loss of appetite, general weakness, special drowsiness, yellowish color, tea-colored urine, etc., which cannot be explained by other conditions or illnesses, please go to the hospital as soon as possible to check the above items. 4, no matter when, where and under what background, if you find abnormal liver function (mainly referring to abnormal transaminase or bilirubin), you must investigate the cause, and in the process of finding out the cause of the disease, you must include hepatitis B virus into the examination items. 5.If you find your spouse or the person you have had sexual contact with is infected with hepatitis B virus, then it is also necessary to do a test for yourself against hepatitis B virus. Although sexual behavior is not the primary way of spreading hepatitis B, but after all, the sexual process may always involve blood, it is better to check, and after the examination, timely vaccination against hepatitis B, so as to ensure that it will not be infected by the sexual partner. 6, it is recommended that the premarital examination “consciously” for their own (you can not ask each other) check the hepatitis B indicators, which is responsible for the performance of the spouse, but also the embodiment of love. The author in clinical practice, indeed encountered a lot of cases of separation of the wife, and the “separation” of an important reason, is that the other side believes that the spouse with hepatitis B “hiding” the fact. Hepatitis B virus infection is unfortunate, helpless, and innocent, but once you have hepatitis B, not only has a low probability of transmission to the spouse, but also infected (must not be hereditary) to the next generation, especially the possibility of mother-to-child transmission, so let the spouse know, and in advance to do a good job of scientific precautions, is obviously a responsible behavior. More importantly, after telling the other party, not only can we obtain the other party’s understanding and comprehension, but also get the cooperation and support from the other party, for example, in the process of diagnosis and treatment of Hepatitis B, we can get the spouse’s care, attention, supervision, psychological comfort, financial support and so on, all of which are very important. Understandably, most of the so-called concealment of hepatitis B infection is due to the fear of losing the other person. I have set up several couples, two of which ended up in marital breakdown. However, the “abandoned” members of these two couples soon re-established their families, and the other person accepted the fact that he/she had Hepatitis B when he/she accepted his/her spouse. In fact, more than 90% of spouses are “accepting” of Hepatitis B. This is why I wrote an article 10 years ago encouraging people with hepatitis B to empower themselves and not to discriminate against themselves. Finally, I want to tell readers that today, Hepatitis B is preventable and treatable! Hepatitis B vaccine or immunoglobulin injections at birth have successfully interrupted nearly 95% of mother-to-child transmission. Safe and effective antiviral treatment for women of childbearing age can further reduce the rate of infection in newborns. The widespread use of antiviral drugs-interferon and nucleoside (acid) analogs-has been effective in controlling the progression of hepatitis B, even reversing cirrhosis, preventing hepatocellular carcinoma, and curing a small percentage of hepatitis B patients. However, all of these preventive and therapeutic achievements must be based on the timely detection of hepatitis B. To reiterate: for your own sake, and for the sake of your family, please make a distinction between refusing employment and testing for Hepatitis B before enrolling in school, and finding out if you are infected with the Hepatitis B virus.