When there is a hard lump on the right testicle, the patient should be aware of whether there is any pain and whether there is any fever. In this case, ultrasound examination must be done, through which a preliminary judgment can be made as to whether the hard lump originates from the testis, epididymis, or spermatic cord. If it originates from the testicle, appropriate tests should be done to rule out testicular cancer, and blood should be drawn for alpha-fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen and chorionic gonadotropin. If it originates from epididymis, most of the patients may have epididymal cysts or chronic epididymitis not treated; if it originates from spermatic cord, the patients may have spermatic cord cysts, and ultrasound can make a clear judgment; if it is a testicular tumor, orchiectomy is needed. Epididymal enlargement may be treated with anti-inflammatory therapy for the epididymis, epididymal cysts do not need special treatment; spermatic cysts can be surgically removed if they are larger than 3cm.