Fertility risks for women of high reproductive age

A woman who is over 35 years old is what we call an advanced maternal age. Advanced maternal age is associated with a higher risk of pregnancy compared to younger pregnancies. The higher risk of spontaneous abortion and embryonic abortion in early pregnancy in older women is mainly related to the quality of the eggs and embryos. Because the chance of chromosomal abnormalities in the eggs increases greatly with age, not only are older women less likely to get pregnant, but they are also prone to embryonic abortions due to fetal chromosomal abnormalities after pregnancy. A study showed that the positive rate of Down screening in older women is 34.49%, which is significantly higher than the positive rate in women younger than 35 years old, which is 6.42%, and obstetricians may recommend amniocentesis to confirm the diagnosis. Down’s syndrome screening is a prenatal screening test for Down’s syndrome fetuses. Down syndrome is also known as trisomy 21, which means that there are three chromosome 21 in the karyotype, one more chromosome 21 than normal. This is the most common chromosomal aneuploidy disorder and newborns born with it will face intellectual developmental disorders and growth disorders, so screening is performed during pregnancy and if the Down’s screening is high risk, amniocentesis is required to confirm the diagnosis. In addition, the incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, gestational diabetes, intrauterine growth restriction, and intrahepatic cholestasis is also higher. Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia are diseases specific to pregnancy and often appear after 20 weeks of gestation. Maternal age older than 35 years, multiple pregnancies, family history of hypertension, chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity are among its risk factors. Its dangers all stem from its pathological basis —– systemic small artery spasm, which is very frightening for both the fetus and the mother. Clinically, it often presents as hypertension, edema and proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy, which may develop into coma and convulsions and intrauterine death if left unchecked. This shows the importance of maternity testing to measure blood pressure and urine routine. Routine pre-pregnancy check-ups can detect hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in time, and pregnant women should actively cooperate with their obstetricians for appropriate treatment to stop the condition from deteriorating. Gestational diabetes includes those who had diabetes before pregnancy and those who have diabetes caused by pregnancy. Patients with gestational diabetes have an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion of 25-30% and are prone to complications of gestational hypertension and excessive amniotic fluid. Also, the incidence of giant babies (weighing more than 4 kg), preterm delivery (born at less than 37 weeks), intrauterine growth restriction (growth lags behind the gestational week), and fetal malformations are higher than in non-diabetic pregnant women, and the incidence of adverse maternal and infant outcomes is higher. Advanced maternal age is often physically exhausted during labor, with prolonged labor and weak contractions, which in turn leads to poor fetal outcomes during delivery. Postpartum hemorrhage, perinatal mortality, and late miscarriage rates are also higher than for women of prime maternal age. Pregnancies over 35 years of age are considered high-risk pregnancies and are prone to more complications than those in the right age group. We advocate giving birth at an appropriate age and avoiding birth at an advanced age to reduce obstetric complications and have a healthy baby.