I. Eye disease is the complications of diabetes multiple, which people are at high risk of diabetic eye disease?
1. Those with poor long-term control of diabetes. High blood sugar for a long period of time is likely to cause diabetic eye disease.
2, patients with a long history of disease. Many diabetic patients have a history of diabetes for many years before diagnosis, and there are complications of eye disease when the diabetes is found.
3. Patients with diabetes during pregnancy. It is recommended that such patients have their fundus checked once every 3 months.
4.Patients with hypertension. Especially patients with high blood glucose fluctuations; also include patients who are also taking oral contraceptive pills, smoking, etc.
5, insulin-dependent diabetic patients. These patients have early onset and heavy disease, and are prone to eye disease.
6, low age patients. The age of diagnosis is 19 years old or older, 7% of patients will develop diabetic eye disease 10 years later. The age of diagnosis is 20-39 years old, 10% of patients will have diabetic eye disease 10 years later.
Second, what diseases are likely to be caused by diabetic eye disease?
Diabetes can cause the following types of eye diseases, remind sugar lovers to pay attention to prevention.
1. Diabetic cataract
The lens inside the eye will become more and more cloudy as people age, resulting in blurred vision or even blindness, which is called cataract. Diabetic cataracts include true diabetic cataracts and diabetic age-related cataracts. Cataracts complicating juvenile diabetics are called true diabetic cataracts. This condition is not common in clinical practice. The clinical manifestation of its onset is usually that the patient develops it in both eyes and it progresses rapidly. Cataracts in these patients can fully mature within days, or even within 48 hours. Diabetic senile cataracts occur in the elderly when they have diabetes, which can aggravate and accelerate the degree and speed of their lens clouding.
2. Diabetic refractive changes
In the case of rapid onset of diabetes or sudden aggravation of the disease, the increase of blood glucose will cause the decrease of atrial fluid osmolarity and make the patient suddenly develop myopia. After treatment, when the patient’s blood glucose is significantly reduced, hyperopia can appear again. Myopia and hyperopia are often accompanied by astigmatism, which is caused by refractive changes in the patient’s eye. Refractive changes are usually temporary and do not require glasses, and can often be restored to their original refractive levels when blood sugar is satisfactorily controlled. However, the onset of this disease is characterized by rapid onset and slow recovery.
3. Diabetic iridocyclitis
Some diabetic patients, especially adolescent diabetics, may experience symptoms of acute iridocyclitis such as eye pain, eye redness, photophobia, and blurred vision.
4. Diabetic paralytic strabismus
Some diabetic patients may develop symptoms of paralytic strabismus such as double vision, limited eye movements, vertigo and unstable gait. Once this disease occurs, it usually takes 1-2 months, or even longer, to return to normal.
5.Diabetic retinopathy
Microangiopathy is one of the chronic complications of diabetes. And diabetic retinopathy is the main manifestation of microangiopathy.
6.Diabetic glaucoma
When this disease occurs, there may be an increase in intraocular pressure and a wreath-like network of new blood vessels may appear around the iris. Due to the thin wall of blood vessels, repeated bleeding often occurs in the anterior chamber of the eye, and the bleeding is difficult to be absorbed.
How to prevent diabetic eye disease?
Strict control of blood sugar is the fundamental measure to prevent diabetic eye disease.
Patients should be educated and made aware that ocular complications are common in diabetic patients, that they can seriously affect vision, and that complications may have occurred when vision is normal. Early detection and proper treatment of ocular complications can greatly reduce blindness due to diabetic ocular complications.
Diabetic patients aged between 10 and 30 years old should go to hospital ophthalmology for a comprehensive examination in the 5th year after the diagnosis of diabetes; if they are older than 30 years old, they should start to go to hospital ophthalmology for a comprehensive examination at the time of diagnosis. The examination should be repeated once a year thereafter, but for those with retinopathy, it should be repeated several times a year; for those without retinopathy, it can be repeated at slightly more intervals.
Women with diabetes should have their fundus checked at the hospital within 12 months before they plan to become pregnant. After pregnancy, fundus examination should be performed again during the first trimester, and then reviewed regularly.
An ophthalmologist should be consulted immediately if there are Unexplained ocular symptoms, loss of vision after wearing glasses, increased intraocular pressure, retinopathy, especially proliferative retinopathy, other ocular pathologies that can endanger vision when macular edema.
Fourth, diabetic eye disease patients with dietary attention
1, many patients with diabetic complications, it is recommended not to eat fruits and drinks with high sugar content, etc. If blood sugar is better controlled, fruits can be eaten appropriately, but do not overdo it, and must be calculated in the total daily calories.
2.Control your weight. Calculate the total calories every day and do not exceed the limit. Balanced diet, protein accounts for about 15% of total calories, fat up to 25%, carbohydrates account for about 65% can be. Oil food to vegetable oils, common peanut oil, soybean oil, vegetable oil, etc., these oils can reduce the rise of blood lipids. Try not to use animal oil, do not eat foods containing high cholesterol, such as egg yolk.
3, diabetic complications, diabetic eye disease such as diabetic fundus hemorrhage, caused by Yin deficiency liver heat, so to nourish Yin and clear liver heat food, common staple foods are beans, corn flour, buckwheat noodles; and vegetables should be green leafy vegetables mainly cabbage, celery, spinach, cabbage, etc.
4, diabetic complications patients should not spicy food, chili, raw onion, raw garlic, etc. are not suitable to eat more. Fried food is also not suitable to eat more, easily cause blood sugar, leading to aggravation of the disease. In addition, science has shown that eating one tomato a day can effectively prevent bleeding in the fundus of the eye.
These are some of the dietary contraindications for patients with diabetic complications, especially those with diabetic eye disease, which patients must keep in mind. Proper diet and health care play an important role in the control of complications, and vice versa, for may lead to serious consequences.