1.What is hip impingement syndrome? Hip impingement syndrome, also known as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), refers to the abnormal contact or collision between the proximal femur and the acetabular rim at the end of hip movement due to abnormal anatomical form of the femoral head and acetabulum, which in turn causes cartilage damage to the glenoid lip and acetabular rim. It is the most common cause of hip pain in young people. 2.What are the manifestations of hip impingement syndrome and how to self-examine? Most patients describe pain at the root of the thigh, hip and hip, usually deep pain and soreness, especially after repeated deep squatting, sedentary standing up, and long distance walking. Some patients are unable to walk freely, and even have difficulty wearing shoes and socks, and some patients are affected by driving. 3.What is acetabular labrum? What is the relationship between it and hip impingement syndrome? The glenoid labrum is a fibrous ring fixed to the acetabular bone edge, a “soft cushion” to avoid direct bone-on-bone collisions, similar to a “rubber seal”. Repeated friction and collisions can cause damage to the glenoid labrum cartilage, and in severe cases, the torn labrum can become embedded in the joint space, causing pain and interlocking. Glenoid labral injury is an important cause of pain in hip impingement syndrome and an important manifestation of aggravated lesions. 4.Can acetabular labral injury be self-repaired? What are the consequences if left untreated? It is difficult for a labral tear to heal itself. Because the blood supply to the glenoid labrum comes from the acetabular bone margin, after the labrum is torn from the acetabular bone margin, the blood flow is damaged and the bone and labrum are separated, so it is difficult to heal. The only way to facilitate healing of the glenoid labrum is to surgically re-suture the labrum and tightly fix it to the bone rim. If the glenoid lip is not repaired in time, the damage may continue to expand, and the lack of “cushion” protection for the hip joint will accelerate cartilage wear and tear, leading to osteoarthritis and osteosclerosis and hyperplasia, and even require replacement of the artificial femoral head in severe cases. 5.Is hip impingement syndrome a rare disease? What causes this disease? Hip impingement syndrome is a common clinical condition, especially the most common cause of hip pain in young and middle-aged people. However, because of the limited awareness of the disease among clinicians and patients in the past, few doctors were able to make a correct diagnosis, resulting in many patients “hearing about this disease for the first time”. According to statistics, from the onset to the diagnosis of FAI patients, few have seen 3-4 doctors, many have seen more than 10 doctors, and many have seen lumbar spine, physical therapy, pain, neurology and other doctors. Hip impingement syndrome, mostly seen in young people (20-40 years old), is more common in women, and is related to the congenital development of the femoral head and acetabulum. Acquired sports and trauma can also cause aggravation of the lesion, such as gymnastics, dance, soccer, skiing, and manual laborers who frequently squat. 6.How to treat hip impingement syndrome? The treatment of hip impingement syndrome includes conservative treatment and surgical treatment. For patients with mild lesions, minor clinical symptoms, little impact on daily work and life, and low demand, conservative treatment includes lifestyle changes, exercise changes (running and jumping intense exercise → slow walking and swimming and other soothing exercises) and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For patients with more severe lesions and obvious clinical symptoms (especially limp, short walking distance, difficulty in pain relief, interlocking popping, etc.), which affect daily work life, surgical treatment can be considered, and at present, minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery is the main treatment.