What tests are done for femoroacetabular impingement?

Conventional X-ray examination of orthopantomogram of the pelvis can show: bony protrusion of the femoral head and neck, femoral head is not rounded, and in severe cases, it has a gun shank-like deformity; the neck stem angle increases, and the eccentricity of the femoral neck decreases; the acetabulum protrudes into, and the medial line of the acetabulum crosses with iliac situs line; the external coverage of the acetabulum is too large; the acetabulum is tilted backward which is manifested as a cross of the anterior and posterior edges of the acetabulum on orthopantomograms (the crossover sign). Through-table lateral radiographs and Dunn’s lateral radiographs can better show abnormalities in the femoral head-neck junction area. false-profile phase is good for observing the coverage of the anterior femoral head. cTCT examination can show the bony morphologic abnormality of the acetabulum and the proximal femur more clearly, and alpha angle measurements were performed, which were significantly increased in patients with FAI. Measurement of the femoral neck axis by 3-D CT is considerably more accurate than 2-D CT, allowing for more visualization of the anterior and posterior cuts in the head-neck junction region. In addition, preoperative 3-D CT can determine the extent of the bony abnormality, which helps to plan the amount of bone to be resected intraoperatively.MRI and MRAConventional MRI can detect morphologic changes of the femoral head and neck, acetabular rim calcification, intra-articular effusion, and other lesions. Conventional MRI is not very sensitive for the diagnosis of glenoid labral injuries. Arthrography followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRA) can greatly improve the specificity and sensitivity of diagnosing labral injuries.