Arteriosclerotic occlusive disease (ASO) is a group of ischemic diseases that occur mostly in the lower extremities due to the narrowing or even occlusion of arteries caused by the thickening of the inner lining of the hardened arterial walls or the presence of blood clots. Its occurrence is significantly associated with diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking and increased blood clotting. The onset of atherosclerosis occurs in an insidious manner, often over a long evolutionary process of more than a decade or decades, with no awareness of the disease during its formative stages, and by the time symptoms appear the lesion has entered a more severe stage, so most of the onset is over 45 years of age. The narrowing of blood vessels can cause relative ischemia in the distal tissues and reduce the blood reserve. When the amount of exercise increases, the blood supply required by the tissues increases, while the main blood vessels cannot provide sufficient blood supply, resulting in the accumulation of a large number of acidic metabolites, causing pain and discomfort in muscle tissue, and also stimulating the establishment of collateral circulation to When the lesion continues to develop so that the collateral circulation is also occluded, then intractable limb pain occurs. Due to the existence of plaque in many places, it is usually described as “atheroma” plaque, there are soft plaque and hard plaque, some plaque is brittle and easy to break off, the dislodged plaque can block the distal blood vessel with blood flow, causing serious tissue ischemia and necrosis, at the same time, the exposure of subendothelial collagen at the dislodged plaque can cause thrombosis, which can also cause distal tissue ischemia and necrosis. Ischemia and necrosis. What are the clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic occlusive disease? The limbs feel cold, weak, muscle atrophy, skin thinning, skin does not sweat, nails become brittle, some patients appear impotence performance, walking for a certain distance after the lower extremity thigh or calf muscle pain, need to rest for a period of time to relieve the symptoms, and then walking again will appear the same symptoms, this is the so-called “intermittent claudication”. The shorter the limp distance and limp time indicates the more serious the condition, and usually the ability to walk 200 meters is taken as an indicator of whether treatment is needed, and further development of the condition will be the so-called “resting pain”, that is, pain in the limbs will occur even after sleeping in bed, and usually the patient cannot rest day and night, and the mental diet is significantly reduced, and the patient is obviously thin. At this point, the condition has reached a very serious level; the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial artery is weakened or disappeared, the tip of the toe or foot is blackened, necrotic, ulcerated and infected, and finally amputation is required. Atherosclerosis is usually combined with vascular disease of the heart, brain and kidneys, so it can be said that atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, but it manifests itself mainly locally in the lower extremities. How is this disease diagnosed? Reduced ankle-brachial index (ABI): that is, the ratio of systolic pressure of the ipsilateral lower limb ankle artery to systolic pressure of the ipsilateral upper limb brachial artery, the normal value is above 1. Patients with intermittent claudication when ABI <0.6~0.8, and resting pain when abi <0.4, and systolic pressure of the ankle artery <30mmhg, patients will soon develop resting pain, ulcers or gangrene. < p=""> Color ultrasound: It can show the morphology of blood vessels, the location and thickness of intimal plaques, distinguish arteries and veins, and show the speed, direction and resistance of blood flow. Preoperatively, it can clarify the lesion artery site, stenosis degree, plaque calcification, and be used to select the location of the anastomosis for bypass surgery. The spectrum shows monophasic single-peak waves, and it is flatter and not sharper, and the Doppler ultrasound auscultation sound is low with murmur. CTA (CT angiography): The examination needs to include the main, iliac, femoral, N, and tibiofibular arteries, and can see the obvious plaque stenosis and the surrounding adjoining relationship, and the condition of collateral circulation, which is a non-invasive examination and can provide the reference data needed for surgery or intervention. DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography): The test is still the gold standard for the diagnosis of the disease, but an invasive test, this method can be used to monitor the disease during interventions. How is the disease treated? This includes traditional open vascular bypass, where the inflow and outflow tracts of the lesion are patent and only the middle segment is obstructed, and the inflow and outflow tracts are connected by artificial vascular material or own vessels. For completely occluded lesions there is the use of staged arteriovenous diversion and large omental grafts. Interventional endovascular treatment: The vasodilator balloon is sent into the arterial plaque for dilation, and then a stent is placed to prevent the collapse of the stenotic segment. This method is a minimally invasive treatment method. At present, the international trend is to use a mechanical rotary knife to remove the plaque in the arterial lumen, which can avoid the foreign body of metal stent into the artery, but the operation should be operated with special caution to prevent the artery from perforation and bleeding, and must be operated by experienced doctors. There are also hybrid surgical approaches that combine traditional surgery with endovascular luminal interventions, etc. In addition, there are also methods of applying gene and stem cell therapy to completely occluded vessels, but these methods are still being explored.