Awareness and attention to retinopathy of prematurity has saved the vision of many children, and a significant number of them have been treated and have retained a good level of visual function, allowing them to live and work normally. It can be said that the screening and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity has brought great socioeconomic benefits to both society and families. However, when these once small preterm infants grow up, the examination of their eye structure and development is often neglected. Is there a correlation between fundus structure and visual acuity? Recently, Victor M. Villegas et al. conducted a study on this question and published the results in AJO. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between long-term visual acuity and macular abnormalities detected by SD-OCT in children with a history of retinopathy of prematurity. The study reviewed the medical records of children with a history of ROP between the ages of 2 and 18 years who had an SD-OCT between 2010 and 2012. The central macular recess thickness was measured using SD-OCT and tested for correlation with visual acuity. Secondary outcome measures included parietal temporal sulcus thickness, inner and outer nodal layer presentation, week of gestation at birth, sex, equivalent spherical lens, history of laser treatment, and developmental delay. Results found that of the 44 eyes with good vision in the 44 patients included in the study, 64% (28/44) of the patients in the study had visual acuity greater than or equal to 20/40 despite 91% of the central sulcus morphologic abnormalities. the study demonstrated a high frequency of macular morphologic abnormalities in patients with a history of ROP, including preservation of the inner retinal layer of the macula on SD-OCT and absence of the central sulcus. This is consistent with the histological development of the macula. ROP is associated with macular developmental arrest, and macular edema, which is observed in 38.9%-58% of ROPs, may be associated with elevated VEGF and retinal inner layer maturation arrest. There was also no direct association between retinal thickness and week of gestation at birth. Since the abnormal central macular sulcus deficiency does not affect central sulcus light receiver maturation, it may explain the fact that many similar patients can maintain good visual acuity. This study suggests that the maturation of the photoreceptor layer in patients born prematurely, relative to the thickness and integrity of the central macular sulcus, is a better predictor of the patient’s long-term prognosis for vision. The application of OCT during the treatment of this group of patients can effectively assess the prognosis of patients.