Ear barotrauma, also known as barotraumatic otitis media or aviation otitis media, is a middle ear injury caused when the Eustachian tube fails to equalize the air pressure inside and outside the eardrum, and is commonly seen in airplane takeoffs and landings, scuba diving operations, low-pressure chamber work, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Early understanding of the causative factors of the disease and prevention can effectively reduce the prevalence of the disease. Causative factors: 1, suffering from upper respiratory tract infections, rhinitis, sinusitis, nasopharyngitis, nasal and nasopharyngeal tumors, pharyngeal pharyngeal lymphatic hyperplasia, dental malocclusion, jaw joint disorders, soft palate paralysis or pharyngeal mucosa swelling, epileptic stenosis and other lesions, as well as a lack of knowledge of hygiene and prevention, when the aircraft fall asleep when the non-pathological factors can affect the ventilation function of the pharyngeal tubes and susceptible to this disease. 2, when the external air pressure falls rapidly, such as aircraft rise, positive pressure within the tympanic membrane convex, until such pressure exceeds the Eustachian tube cartilage part of the surrounding tissue extrusion force, the air within the tympanic cavity will be rushed away from the Eustachian tube and the external discharge; so repeatedly, the air pressure within the tympanic cavity to maintain a basic balance; and thus less likely to occur in the middle ear barometric pressure injury. When the outside air pressure increases rapidly, such as down flight, the drum chamber is relatively formed in a negative pressure state, the tympanic membrane invagination; Eustachian tube cartilage part of the present one-way valve-like effect, but also by the influence of the surrounding higher air pressure is not easy to open, so that the outside world is not easy to enter the drum chamber, resulting in the increase of the negative pressure in the middle ear. 3, the negative pressure in the middle ear can make the mucosal blood vessels highly dilated and lead to serous leakage or bleeding, mucosal edema, tympanic fluid or blood; tympanic membrane congestion, invagination, or even rupture. Similarly, diving operations because of the underwater pressure is significantly higher than in the air, so can be due to under diving and sudden pressure, history can also be due to the sudden decompression of floating, causing middle ear air pressure injury.