Liver cysts are the more common benign diseases of the liver and are categorized as parasitic (e.g., hepatic echinococcosis) and nonparasitic liver cysts. The latter can be divided into congenital, traumatic, inflammatory and tumor cysts. The most common clinical condition is congenital liver cysts, which can be categorized into solitary and multiple, the latter also known as polycystic liver. Single hepatic cysts are more common in the age group of 20-50 years old, and the ratio of male to female incidence is 1:4. Cysts occur mostly in the right lobe of the liver. Small cysts are only a few millimeters in diameter, while large cysts contain >500 ml of fluid and may even occupy the entire liver lobe. Multiple hepatic cysts are more common in women aged 40-60 years. The size of the cysts varies, and most of them involve the whole liver, which is enlarged and deformed; however, they can also be limited to one section or one lobe. The epithelial cells of the inner layer of the cyst wall may vary according to the size of the liver cyst, presenting as columnar, cuboidal, flattened or absent, with collagen-like tissue in the outer layer; the cystic fluid is clear and transparent, and most of them do not contain bile. Congenital hepatic cysts grow slowly, and small cysts do not cause any symptoms, and are mostly detected by B-mode ultrasound, CT and other imaging examinations or other abdominal surgery. If the cyst grows to a certain extent, it may compress the neighboring organs and cause symptoms such as fullness after eating, nausea, vomiting, and vague pain in the right upper abdomen. Physical examination may reveal a right upper abdominal mass and hepatomegaly. The mass is connected to the liver, with smooth surface, cystic sensation, and can move up and down with respiration without obvious pressure. Multiple hepatic cysts may be characterized by multiple cystic nodules of varying sizes on the hepatic surface. In addition to the above clinical manifestations, B-mode ultrasonography is the first choice for diagnosis of liver cysts, and CT examination can clarify the size, location, morphology and number of cysts. X-ray examination may show signs such as elevation of septal muscles or displacement of gastrointestinal compression in large liver cysts depending on their location. Patients with multiple liver cysts should also be examined for cysts (polycystic disease) or congenital malformations of the kidneys, lungs, pancreas, and other organs. Small liver cysts that are asymptomatic do not require special treatment; large and symptomatic ones should be treated appropriately. Commonly used methods include: cyst aspiration under B-mode ultrasound guidance. Cyst “windowing” or “decapitation”, i.e., under cesarean section or laparoscopic resection of part of the cyst wall, suctioning the cystic fluid to open the cyst cavity to the abdominal cavity. Cystectomy is suitable for cysts at the edge of the liver, with the tip protruding into the abdominal cavity. Huge hepatic cysts in the left outer lobe of the liver can be resected as lobectomy or partial hepatectomy. For the complication of infection, intracystic hemorrhage or bile stained cystic fluid, drainage can be placed after “window opening” or puncture tube drainage, and then remove the drainage after the cystic cavity shrinks and shrivels up. For thick-walled cysts communicating with the bile ducts, Y-shaped anastomosis of the jejunum of the cyst is also feasible, but this method is often prone to secondary infection. Multiple hepatic cysts generally do not advocate surgical treatment, limited to the treatment of large cysts causing obvious symptoms, feasible cyst puncture fluid extraction or “window surgery” to relieve symptoms. If the lesion is confined to one section or one lobe of the liver and accompanied by symptoms, and the patient’s condition permits, resection of the diseased section or lobe of the liver is feasible. In the advanced stage of multiple liver cysts with very extensive lesions, ascites, jaundice and portal hypertension may occur due to severe destruction of liver tissue and impaired liver function. In combination with polycystic kidney, renal function is eventually affected, and death can be caused by renal failure.