Cervical inflammation used to be divided into acute cervicitis and chronic cervicitis, and chronic cervicitis has a lot of content, but the 7th edition of the textbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology no longer uses this classification. The main pathological types of chronic cervicitis in Chinese textbooks are: cervical erosion, cervical hypertrophy, cervical glandular cysts, cervical polyps, some of these pathological types are inaccurately named and some have no clinical diagnostic and therapeutic significance. The term “cervical erosion” has been abandoned in the textbooks of obstetrics and gynecology in Europe and the United States, and it has been renamed as “columnarectopy”, which is not a pathological change but a physiological change of the cervix. The basis for discarding “cervical erosion”: ①The so-called “erosion surface” under the microscope is actually covered by a single layer of columnar epithelium of the intact cervical canal, which is thin and has a red interstitium underneath and appears to be erosion to the naked eye, but not true erosion with epithelial detachment and ulceration. The colposcopy showed that the original squamous-columnar junction was displaced. The presence of immunoreactive lymphocytes in the normal cervical interstitium and the infiltration of lymphocytes in the cervical interstitium does not necessarily mean that there is chronic cervical inflammation. The treatment of cervical columnar epithelial ectopia depends on whether there is co-infection and whether there are symptoms. Asymptomatic patients without co-infection do not require treatment; symptomatic patients with co-infection, such as increased discharge and contact bleeding, should be treated with medication or physical therapy after negative cytology. In the past, textbooks described cervical hypertrophy as: chronic inflammation and long-term stimulation, cervical tissue congestion, edema, glandular and interstitial hyperplasia, in the deep part of the gland may have mucus retention to form cysts, the cervix is different degrees of hypertrophy, increased hardness, but the surface is mostly smooth, sometimes you can see the cervical glandular cysts protrusion. In fact, there are no specific diagnostic criteria for cervical hypertrophy and, crucially, no therapeutic implications. In the process of replacing the columnar epithelium with squamous epithelium in the cervical transformation zone, the new squamous epithelium covers the mouth of the cervical glandular duct or extends into the glandular duct, blocking the mouth of the glandular duct, resulting in obstruction of the drainage of glandular secretions and retention of cysts, which are called cervical glandular cysts. Microscopically, the wall of the cyst is covered with a single layer of flattened cervical mucosal epithelium. On examination, several small greenish-white vesicles containing colorless mucus are seen protruding from the surface of the cervix. The correct understanding should be that cervical glandular cysts are only the result of physiological changes in the cervical transformation zone, not inflammation, and their significance suggests that this was the origin of the original squamous-columnar junction and has no clinical significance. The mechanism of occurrence of cervical polyps is still unknown, but in the past it was thought to be a localized raised lesion formed by chronic inflammatory stimulation leading to cervical mucosal hyperplasia. The fact is that 50% of cervical polyps occur after menopause, whereas postmenopausal cervical inflammation is much less frequent than in women of childbearing age. Most foreign textbooks classify cervical polyps as benign hyperplastic lesions of the cervix. Based on this understanding, the term chronic cervicitis is no longer used in the 7th edition of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Chapter 27 is entitled Cervical Inflammation, which is equivalent to acute cervicitis. The pathogens commonly isolated for cervicitis in high-risk groups for sexually transmitted diseases are Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. In low-risk groups for STIs, the etiology is unclear and may be related to bacterial vaginosis or Mycoplasma genitalium infection. Two diagnostic clinical signs of cervical inflammation should be kept in mind: (i) mucopurulent discharge seen at the cervical os or on a swab specimen of the cervical canal. (ii) Gentle insertion of the swab into the cervical canal can easily induce bleeding from the cervical canal. Leukocyte examination of secretions: The CDC recommended diagnosis in 2006 is leukocytes >10/high magnification of vaginal secretions and exclusion of vaginal inflammation, and the Novak′s Gynecology (2006) recommended diagnosis is neutrophils >30/high magnification of cervical canal secretions, and the CDC recommended diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in 2006. The test for Chlamydia is the nucleic acid amplification method. The most commonly used method to diagnose Neisseria gonorrhoeae in China is the culture method; the antigen test is mostly used to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis. And the test for bacterial vaginosis should be performed. Treat accordingly according to the pathogen. Cervicitis is an infection of the lower genital tract, and the treatment regimen for gonorrhea (high dose, single dose) is chosen for uncomplicated gonorrhea, but not for infections of the upper genital tract. There is no effective treatment for patients with persistent cervicitis for which no pathogen can be found.